Jasiński Arkadiusz M, Derbis Romuald, Rakoczy Jarosław, Wrzesińska Magdalena
Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, plac Staszica 1, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
Medical University of Lodz, ul. Narutowicza 68, 90-136, Łódź, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 26;15(1):18289. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-02998-6.
Sense of coherence (SOC) is a global orientation that represents a core concept of the salutogenic model of health. No Polish version of the SOC questionnaire currently exists that has been validated on a representative sample. The aim of this study was to validate the Polish adaptation of the SOC-13 Scale, and to determine the role of sociodemographic variables and health situation on SOC. The study was cross-sectional with a longitudinal component. The sample comprised 1053 individuals and was representative of the Polish population with respect to age and sex. Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement equivalence analysis were conducted. The total group was divided into subgroups according to sex, age, marital status, occupational status, place of residence, and chronic condition for the sake of comparison. The time stability of the measurement was established using the test-retest method. The three-factor, nine-item version of the SOC-9-PL was found to exhibit the best psychometric properties. The analyses support the metric invariance of the scale structure across sex, age, education, and marital status. The SOC-9-PL achieves full measurement invariance across employment status, place of residence, time of measurement, and the presence of chronic disease. The overall measure is reliable (α = 0.82) and demonstrates high stability over a three-month interval (r = .69, p < .001). There is a positive correlation between SOC and age (r = .30, p < .001). Men have slightly stronger SOC than women (p = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.16), employed persons exhibited stronger SOC than unemployed persons (p = 0.002, Cohen's d = 0.42), single persons declared weaker SOC than other marital groups (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.62). When controlling for the age and sex of respondents, presence of chronic disease (β = - 0.12, p < .001) and single status (β = - 0.15, p < .001) were negatively correlated with SOC. The SOC-9-PL scale is a valid and reliable method for measuring sense of coherence. It can be used in the adult population, including both healthy individuals and those with chronic illnesses, and it can be applicable regardless of the sociodemographic status. The application of calculated for sex- and age-specific sten norms can be useful in the interpretation of results.
连贯感（SOC）是一种整体取向，代表了健康生成模式的核心概念。目前还没有经过代表性样本验证的波兰语版SOC问卷。本研究的目的是验证SOC - 13量表的波兰语改编版，并确定社会人口统计学变量和健康状况对SOC的作用。该研究为横断面研究且带有纵向成分。样本包括1053人，在年龄和性别方面代表了波兰人口。进行了验证性因素分析和测量等价性分析。为了进行比较，根据性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业状况、居住地点和慢性病情况将总样本分为亚组。使用重测法确定测量的时间稳定性。发现SOC - 9 - PL的三因素、九项目版本具有最佳的心理测量特性。分析支持该量表结构在性别、年龄、教育程度和婚姻状况上的度量不变性。SOC - 9 - PL在就业状况、居住地点、测量时间和慢性病存在情况方面实现了完全测量不变性。总体测量是可靠的（α = 0.82），并且在三个月的间隔内显示出高稳定性（r = 0.69，p < 0.001）。SOC与年龄呈正相关（r = 0.30，p < 0.001）。男性的SOC略强于女性（p = 0.007，科恩d值 = 0.16），就业者的SOC强于失业者（p = 0.002，科恩d值 = 0.42），单身者宣称的SOC弱于其他婚姻群体（p < 0.001，科恩d值 = 0.62）。在控制受访者的年龄和性别后，慢性病的存在（β = - 0.12，p < 0.001）和单身状态（β = - 0.15，p < 0.001）与SOC呈负相关。SOC - 9 - PL量表是测量连贯感的有效且可靠的方法。它可用于成年人群体，包括健康个体和患有慢性病的个体，并且无论社会人口统计学状况如何均可适用。计算性别和年龄特异性sten常模在结果解释中可能有用。
