Yin Zhe, Wushouer Fuerhati, Huang Jia, Dong Yan, Wang Qi, Aihaiti Xiapikatijiang, Abudusaimaiti Xiayidanmu, Ma Yuanyuan, Chen Zihan, Qiu Ruiying, Li Quanxi, Gao Zhenguo
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 380, Jianquan First Street, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 May 26;25(1):759. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11155-3.
Avian influenza, a significant threat to public health, requires monitoring for the development of control strategies. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of avian influenza virus in the external environment of Xinjiang from 2021 to 2023, to enhance understanding of its transmission patterns and provide a scientific basis for public health response measures.
A total of 3913 avian-related environmental samples were collected from nine monitoring areas in Xinjiang. Sample types included poultry drinking water, meat cutting boards, cage surfaces, feces, and wastewater. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect nucleic acid for H5, H7, and H9 subtypes. Data were statistically analyzed using Excel and SPSS, and spatial distribution was visualized through Kriging interpolation using ArcGIS.
Among the collected samples, 810 tested positive, with an overall positivity rate of 20.70%. The H9 subtype was predominant, accounting for 85.43% of positive samples. Significant differences in detection rates were observed across different years, regions, sample types, and monitoring sites. Temporally, the positive rate showed an upward trend from 2021 to 2023, with higher positive rates in January and July. Geographically, Aksu, Turpan, and Ili were identified as high-risk areas. Urban and rural live poultry markets had the highest positivity rate (24.31%), and poultry drinking water, cage surfaces, and cleaning wastewater samples showed relatively high detection rates. Kriging analysis revealed several high-risk zones for virus presence.
This study provides crucial information for understanding the epidemiological characteristics of avian influenza virus in the external environment of Xinjiang. The H9 subtype was found to be predominant, with notable seasonal and regional variations. Live poultry markets were identified as key risk sites. These findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance and offer theoretical support for developing targeted prevention and control strategies. However, the limited scope of monitoring suggests that broader and longer-term studies are needed to better understand subtype interactions and epidemic risks.
禽流感对公共卫生构成重大威胁，需要进行监测以制定防控策略。本研究旨在分析2021年至2023年新疆外部环境中禽流感病毒的时空分布，以加深对其传播模式的了解，并为公共卫生应对措施提供科学依据。
从新疆9个监测区域共采集3913份禽类相关环境样本。样本类型包括家禽饮用水、切肉板、笼子表面、粪便和废水。采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测H5、H7和H9亚型的核酸。使用Excel和SPSS对数据进行统计分析，并通过ArcGIS使用克里金插值法对空间分布进行可视化。
在采集的样本中，810份检测呈阳性，总体阳性率为20.70%。H9亚型占主导地位，占阳性样本的85.43%。不同年份、地区、样本类型和监测地点的检测率存在显著差异。从时间上看，2021年至2023年阳性率呈上升趋势，1月和7月阳性率较高。从地理上看，阿克苏、吐鲁番和伊犁被确定为高风险地区。城乡活禽市场的阳性率最高（24.31%），家禽饮用水、笼子表面和清洗废水样本的检测率相对较高。克里金分析揭示了几个病毒存在的高风险区域。
本研究为了解新疆外部环境中禽流感病毒的流行病学特征提供了关键信息。发现H9亚型占主导地位，存在明显的季节性和区域差异。活禽市场被确定为关键风险场所。这些发现强调了持续监测的必要性，并为制定有针对性的防控策略提供了理论支持。然而，监测范围有限表明需要进行更广泛和长期的研究，以更好地了解亚型相互作用和流行风险。
