Senocak Mumin Gokhan
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 May;11(3):e70412. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70412.
To compare the effects of two different protocols, ketamine with dexmedetomidine (ketamine-dexmedetomidine [KD]) and ketamine with propofol (ketamine-propofol [KP]), on intubation time, selected cardiopulmonary parameters, and anaesthesia maintenance during canine orchiectomy in a clinical setting.
Randomized clinical trial.
Twenty-six healthy dogs were undergoing orchiectomy.
Dogs were randomly assigned to the KD group [n = 13; single intravenous bolus of ketamine (5 mg kg) combined with dexmedetomidine (10 µg kg)], or KP group [n = 13, an intravenous bolus of ketamine combined with propofol at a 1:2 concentration ratio and infused at a 0.2 mL kg min rate for 120 s until jaw relaxation and the consumed amount recorded]. Orotracheal intubation followed the induction of anaesthesia. The cardiopulmonary variables were assessed at baseline and 5-min intervals up to 30 min. A 20% increase in at least two variables, such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and respiratory rate, prompted the administration of top-ups. Following surgery, the recovery time and quality were assessed.
There was no significant difference in intubation time between KD (3.3 ± 0.8) and KP (2.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.121). Over time, HR and MAP significantly increased in the KP group compared to the KD group (p < 0.001). The haemoglobin oxygen saturation was higher in the KD group (97.7% ± 2.1%) compared to the KP (95.3% ± 2.2%, p = 0.015). The duration of the top-up requirement was longer in the KD group as compared to a single bolus of KP, with a mean difference of 31.2 min (95% CI 20.80-41.51) (p < 0.01).
Both KP and KD combinations effectively maintain anaesthesia during canine castration surgery, demonstrating comparable intubation times. Although KP requires additional top-ups, it potentially offers enhanced cardiovascular stability compared to KD. However, the use of KP necessitates support of body temperature and oxygenation.
在临床环境中比较两种不同方案，即氯胺酮与右美托咪定（氯胺酮 - 右美托咪定 [KD]）和氯胺酮与丙泊酚（氯胺酮 - 丙泊酚 [KP]），对犬睾丸切除术插管时间、选定的心肺参数及麻醉维持的影响。
随机临床试验。
26只健康犬接受睾丸切除术。
犬被随机分为KD组[n = 13；静脉注射单次大剂量氯胺酮（5 mg/kg）联合右美托咪定（10 μg/kg）]或KP组[n = 13，静脉注射单次大剂量氯胺酮联合丙泊酚，浓度比为1:2，以0.2 mL/kg·min的速率输注120秒直至下颌松弛并记录消耗量]。麻醉诱导后进行经口气管插管。在基线及直至30分钟内每隔5分钟评估心肺变量。至少两个变量（如心率 [HR]、平均动脉压 [MAP] 和呼吸频率）增加20%时提示追加用药。术后评估恢复时间和质量。
KD组（3.3 ± 0.8）与KP组（2.7 ± 0.9，p = 0.121）的插管时间无显著差异。随着时间推移，与KD组相比，KP组的HR和MAP显著升高（p < 0.001）。KD组的血红蛋白氧饱和度（97.7% ± 2.1%）高于KP组（95.3% ± 2.2%，p = 0.015）。与单次大剂量KP相比，KD组追加用药的持续时间更长，平均差异为31.2分钟（95% CI 20.80 - 41.51）（p < 0.01）。
KP和KD组合在犬去势手术中均能有效维持麻醉，插管时间相当。虽然KP需要额外追加用药，但与KD相比，它可能具有更好的心血管稳定性。然而，使用KP需要体温和氧合支持。
