老年人血清25(OH)D3和认知水平与生物衰老的关联：一项横断面研究

Association of serum 25(OH)D3 and cognitive levels with biological aging in the elderly: a cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Li Mingkai, Li Chenyang, Cheng Le, Lv Chenhui, Xue Lushan, Zhang Cheng, Bai Ziping, Wang Xi, Chen Shuangzhi, Guo Qinfei, Zhao Yafei, Zhao Haifeng

机构信息

Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nutritional and Food Sciences Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

出版信息

Front Nutr. 2025 May 12;12:1581610. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1581610. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1581610

PMID:40421034

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12104659/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Biological aging, a fundamental process affecting health and longevity, is pivotal to understanding the physiological decline associated with aging. Serum vitamin D3 deficiency and cognitive impairment are common health issues among older adults. However, the joint associations of serum vitamin D levels and cognitive impairment with biological aging remain poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the independent and combined associations of serum vitamin D3 and cognitive impairment with biological aging in older adults.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included adults aged 60 years and older from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Biological aging was measured using Phenotypic Age calculated from biomarkers. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Centre for the Establishment of a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) test, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Multivariable regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to examine the relationships between serum 25(OH)D3 levels, cognitive performance, and biological aging.

RESULTS

After adjusting for all covariates, individuals in the highest quartile of cognitive performance had a reduced risk of biological aging compared to those in the lowest quartile (CERAD: OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.57-1.46; AFT: OR 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29-0.82; DSST: OR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.77). A U-shaped relationship was observed between serum 25(OH)D3 levels and biological aging. Combined analyses revealed that individuals with both low serum 25(OH)D3 and low cognitive performance had the highest risk of biological aging across all cognitive tests (CERAD: OR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.02-1.98; AFT: OR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.24-2.32; DSST: OR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.22-2.27). Notably, in the DSST, individuals with normal serum 25(OH)D3 levels and normal cognitive performance showed a reduction in Phenotypic Age by 2.40 years ( < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

In older adults, low serum 25(OH)D3 levels combined with low cognitive performance are strongly associated with an increased risk of biological aging.

摘要

背景

生物衰老作为影响健康和寿命的基本过程，对于理解与衰老相关的生理衰退至关重要。血清维生素D3缺乏和认知障碍是老年人常见的健康问题。然而，血清维生素D水平和认知障碍与生物衰老之间的联合关联仍知之甚少。本研究旨在评估老年人血清维生素D3和认知障碍与生物衰老的独立关联和联合关联。

方法

这项横断面研究纳入了2011 - 2014年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中60岁及以上的成年人。使用从生物标志物计算得出的表型年龄来衡量生物衰老。使用阿尔茨海默病注册建立中心（CERAD）测试、动物流畅性测试（AFT）和数字符号替换测试（DSST）来评估认知表现。采用多变量回归和受限立方样条模型来检验血清25(OH)D3水平、认知表现和生物衰老之间的关系。

结果

在对所有协变量进行调整后，认知表现处于最高四分位数的个体与最低四分位数的个体相比，生物衰老风险降低（CERAD：比值比[OR]0.91；95%置信区间[CI]，0.57 - 1.46；AFT：OR 0.48；95% CI，0.29 - 0.82；DSST：OR 0.43；95% CI，0.24 - 0.77）。观察到血清25(OH)D3水平与生物衰老之间呈U形关系。联合分析显示，血清25(OH)D3水平低且认知表现差的个体在所有认知测试中生物衰老风险最高（CERAD：OR 1.43；95% CI，1.02 - 1.98；AFT：OR 1.70；95% CI，1.24 - 2.32；DSST：OR 1.67；95% CI，1.22 - 2.27）。值得注意的是，在DSST测试中，血清25(OH)D3水平正常且认知表现正常的个体表型年龄降低了2.40岁（P < 0.01）。