Wu Tao, Wang Kai, Jia Qiang, Ding Jie
Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xianyang 712099, China.
Norinco Group Air Ammunition Research Institute Co., Ltd., Harbin 150030, China.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2025 May 17;10(5):328. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics10050328.
The wing kinematics of birds plays a significant role in their excellent unsteady aerodynamic performance. However, most studies investigate the influence of different kinematic parameters of flapping wings on their aerodynamic performance based on simple harmonic motions, which neglect the aerodynamic effects of the real flapping motion. The purpose of this article was to study the effects of wing kinematics on aerodynamic performance for a pigeon-inspired flapping wing. In this article, the dynamic geometric shape of a flapping wing was reconstructed based on data of the pigeon wing profile. The 3D wingbeat kinematics of a flying pigeon was extracted from the motion trajectories of the wingtip and the wrist during cruise flight. Then, we used a hybrid RANS/LES method to study the effects of wing kinematics on the aerodynamic performance and flow patterns of the pigeon-inspired flapping wing. First, we investigated the effects of dynamic spanwise twisting on the lift and thrust performance of the flapping wing. Numerical results show that the twisting motion weakens the leading-edge vortex (LEV) on the upper surface of the wing during the downstroke by reducing the effective angle of attack, thereby significantly reducing the time-averaged lift and power consumption. Then, we further studied the effects of the 3D sweeping motion on the aerodynamic performance of the flapping wing. Backward sweeping reduces the wing area and weakens the LEV on the lower surface of the wing, which increases the lift and reduces the aerodynamic power consumption significantly during the upstroke, leading to a high lift efficiency. These conclusions are significant for improving the aerodynamic performance of bionic flapping-wing micro air vehicles.
鸟类的翅膀运动学在其出色的非定常空气动力学性能中起着重要作用。然而，大多数研究基于简谐运动来研究扑翼不同运动学参数对其空气动力学性能的影响，而忽略了实际扑翼运动的空气动力学效应。本文的目的是研究受鸽子启发的扑翼的翅膀运动学对空气动力学性能的影响。在本文中，基于鸽子翅膀轮廓数据重建了扑翼的动态几何形状。从巡航飞行期间翼尖和腕关节的运动轨迹中提取了飞行鸽子的三维翅膀拍动运动学。然后，我们使用混合RANS/LES方法研究翅膀运动学对受鸽子启发的扑翼的空气动力学性能和流动模式的影响。首先，我们研究了动态展向扭转对扑翼升力和推力性能的影响。数值结果表明，扭转运动通过减小有效迎角削弱了下拍过程中机翼上表面的前缘涡（LEV），从而显著降低了时间平均升力和功耗。然后，我们进一步研究了三维扫掠运动对扑翼空气动力学性能的影响。向后扫掠减小了机翼面积并削弱了机翼下表面的LEV，这在向上拍动过程中增加了升力并显著降低了空气动力学功耗，从而导致高升力效率。这些结论对于提高仿生扑翼微型飞行器的空气动力学性能具有重要意义。
