Stoyanova-Ivanova Angelina, Georgiev Velizar, Martins Jorge N R
G. Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 May 6;13(5):206. doi: 10.3390/dj13050206.
Nickel-containing orthodontic archwires, particularly those made of nickel-titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel (SS), play a crucial role in orthodontic treatment using the fixed technique due to their mechanical properties. However, concerns regarding nickel-induced allergic reactions, cytotoxicity, and metal ion release, especially nickel-related ones, persist. This narrative review aims to explore recent findings on nickel release from orthodontic appliances, building upon prior systematic reviews by analyzing both in vitro and in vivo studies under various environmental conditions. The databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were searched for relevant studies that examined the relationship between nickel ion release from nickel-containing archwires and various environmental conditions. The studies found indicate that while metal ion release occurs during short-term treatment, the levels are lower than harmful thresholds, with factors such as pH, corrosion, length of treatment, and environmental influences affecting release rates. Despite this, long-term studies are few and are usually conducted only in an in vitro or in vivo environment, but not both. To establish causal relationships regarding metal ion release, in vivo monitoring of ions like Ni is critical, with further research needed to assess its prolonged effects. Furthermore, collaborative efforts among practitioners, researchers, and regulatory bodies are vital for developing evidence-based guidelines for orthodontic material selection, prioritizing patient safety and addressing metal ion release risks.
含镍正畸弓丝，尤其是由镍钛（NiTi）和不锈钢（SS）制成的弓丝，因其机械性能在固定矫治技术的正畸治疗中起着至关重要的作用。然而，对于镍引起的过敏反应、细胞毒性和金属离子释放，尤其是与镍相关的问题，人们一直存在担忧。本叙述性综述旨在探讨正畸矫治器镍释放的最新研究结果，在以往系统综述的基础上，分析各种环境条件下的体外和体内研究。检索了Web of Science、Scopus和PubMed数据库，查找研究含镍弓丝镍离子释放与各种环境条件之间关系的相关研究。研究发现，虽然在短期治疗期间会发生金属离子释放，但释放水平低于有害阈值，pH值、腐蚀、治疗时长和环境影响等因素会影响释放速率。尽管如此，长期研究很少，通常仅在体外或体内环境中进行，而非两者兼顾。为了建立关于金属离子释放的因果关系，对镍等离子进行体内监测至关重要，还需要进一步研究以评估其长期影响。此外，从业者、研究人员和监管机构之间的合作对于制定基于证据的正畸材料选择指南、优先考虑患者安全并解决金属离子释放风险至关重要。
