Beisekenov Nail, Sadenova Marzhan, Azamatov Bagdat, Syrnev Boris
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
D. Serikbayev, East Kazakhstan Technical University, 19 Serikbayev Str., Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan.
J Funct Biomater. 2025 May 8;16(5):168. doi: 10.3390/jfb16050168.
Bone elasticity is one of the most important biomechanical parameters of the skeleton. It varies markedly with age, anatomical zone, bone type (cortical or trabecular) and bone marrow status. This review presents the result of a systematic review and analysis of 495 experimental and analytical papers on the elastic properties of bone tissue. The bone characteristics of hip, shoulder, skull, vertebrae as a function of the factors of age (young and old), sex (male and female), presence/absence of bone marrow and different test methods are examined. The Bayesian neural network (BNN) was used to estimate the uncertainty in some skeletal parameters (age, sex, and body mass index) in predicting bone elastic modulus. It was found that the modulus of elasticity of cortical bone in young people is in the range of 10-30 GPa (depending on the type of bone), and with increasing age, this slightly decreases to 10-25 GPa, while trabecular tissue varies from 0.2 to 5 GPa and reacts more acutely to osteoporosis. Bone marrow, according to several studies, is able to partially increase stiffness under impact loading, but its contribution is minimal under slow deformations. BNN confirmed high variability, supplementing the predictions with confidence intervals and allowed the formation of equations for the calculation of bone tissue elastic modulus for the subsequent selection of the recommended elastic modulus of the finished implant, taking into account the biomechanical characteristics of bone tissue depending on age (young and old), sex (men and women) and anatomical zones of the human skeleton.
骨弹性是骨骼最重要的生物力学参数之一。它随年龄、解剖区域、骨类型（皮质骨或小梁骨）和骨髓状态而显著变化。本综述呈现了对495篇关于骨组织弹性特性的实验和分析论文进行系统综述与分析的结果。研究了髋部、肩部、颅骨、椎骨的骨特征随年龄（年轻和年老）、性别（男性和女性）、有无骨髓以及不同测试方法等因素的变化情况。采用贝叶斯神经网络（BNN）来估计在预测骨弹性模量时一些骨骼参数（年龄、性别和体重指数）的不确定性。结果发现，年轻人皮质骨的弹性模量在10 - 30吉帕范围内（取决于骨的类型），随着年龄增长，该值略有下降至10 - 25吉帕，而小梁组织的弹性模量在0.2至5吉帕之间，且对骨质疏松的反应更为敏感。根据多项研究，骨髓在冲击载荷下能够部分增加刚度，但在缓慢变形下其作用极小。BNN证实了高度变异性，通过置信区间对预测结果进行补充，并能够形成计算骨组织弹性模量的方程，以便在考虑骨组织根据年龄（年轻和年老）、性别（男性和女性）以及人体骨骼解剖区域的生物力学特征的情况下，为成品植入物选择推荐的弹性模量。
