Lou Hongbo, Xie Linyan, Wang Xianhong, Li Xianli, He Lilian, Li Fusheng
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
Metabolites. 2025 May 15;15(5):327. doi: 10.3390/metabo15050327.
Sugarcane is an important sugar crop. Sugarcane stems are mainly used for sugar extraction, while leaves can only be burned as waste. However, sugarcane leaves can also produce a large number of secondary metabolites, and these metabolites have significant nutritional and pharmacological value. At present, there are few studies on sugarcane compounds. Therefore, the stems and leaves of three sugarcane varieties (Yacheng 89-159, Dianzhe 01-58, ROC22) were selected as experimental materials, and the compounds of stems and leaves of different sugarcane were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography. Metabolomics analysis detected 1197 metabolites that could be broadly divided into 11 categories. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis identified metabolites that were differentially abundant across groups (stems and leaves within and across the three varieties). Flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lipids were the main differential metabolites. Notably, tricin-4'-O-(guaiacylglycerol)ether-7-O-glucoside, quercetin-3,4-O-di-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-malony)glucoside were significantly higher in the stems than in the leaves across all three varieties. The content of methylenesuccinic acid was higher in the leaves of Dianzhe 01-58 and ROC22. In the comparative analysis of the top 20 differential metabolites among different varieties, it was found that the metabolite content of stems and leaves of Yacheng 89-9 and ROC22 was significantly higher than that of Dianzhe 01-58. Next, KEGG analysis showed that these differential metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways related to flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism. Leaves also had significantly fewer metabolites involved in starch and sucrose metabolism than stems did. In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for utilization of sugarcane compounds, laying a theoretical foundation for further processing of sugarcane by-products into higher-value materials.
甘蔗是一种重要的糖料作物。甘蔗茎主要用于制糖，而叶子只能作为废弃物焚烧。然而，甘蔗叶也能产生大量次生代谢产物，这些代谢产物具有显著的营养和药理价值。目前，关于甘蔗化合物的研究较少。因此，选取三个甘蔗品种（雅城89 - 159、滇蔗01 - 58、新台糖22号）的茎和叶作为实验材料，采用高效液相色谱法研究不同甘蔗茎和叶中的化合物。代谢组学分析检测到1197种代谢产物，这些代谢产物大致可分为11类。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析确定了不同组间（三个品种内和品种间的茎和叶）差异丰富的代谢产物。黄酮类、酚酸类和脂质是主要的差异代谢产物。值得注意的是，在所有三个品种中，芹菜素 - 4'-O -（愈创木基甘油）醚 - 7 - O - 葡萄糖苷、槲皮素 - 3,4 - O - 二葡萄糖苷、花青素 - 3 - O -（6'' - O - 丙二酰基）葡萄糖苷在茎中的含量显著高于叶。亚甲基琥珀酸在滇蔗01 - 58和新台糖22号的叶中含量较高。在不同品种前20种差异代谢产物的比较分析中，发现雅城89 - 9和新台糖22号茎和叶的代谢产物含量显著高于滇蔗01 - 58。接下来，KEGG分析表明，这些差异代谢产物主要富集在与黄酮类、苯丙烷类和异黄酮类生物合成以及淀粉和蔗糖代谢相关的途径中。与茎相比，叶中参与淀粉和蔗糖代谢的代谢产物也明显较少。总之，本研究为甘蔗化合物的利用提供了科学依据，为将甘蔗副产物进一步加工成高附加值材料奠定了理论基础。
