Wu Kuo-Cheng, Lin Hui-Chun, Cheng Zi-Yi, Chang Chih-Han, Chang Jo-Ning, Tai Hsia-Ling, Liu Su-I
Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan.
Department of Recreation and Sports Management, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Apr 30;13(5):141. doi: 10.3390/sports13050141.
Athletes with expertise in sports show extensive procedural and factual information, enhancing their ability to focus attention, use cues, and anticipate events. This study examined the differentiation of perceptual-cognitive skills by focusing on attentional cues, processing speed, and working memory.
The component skill approach was used to assess differences in sports expertise levels using non-sport-specific cognitive measures of perceptual-cognitive skills. The study involved a total of 127 college athletes with a mean age of 20.23 years (SD = 3.08) and an average of 10.99 years of training. Among these participants, there were 43 female athletes with a mean age of 20.23 years (SD = 3.32) and 84 male athletes with a mean age of 20.22 years (SD = 2.98). We analyzed the cohort of students who did not engage in regular sports training, identifying them as the control group for our study. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to analyze the measures of the SPT and CBT perceptual-cognitive tasks, treating them as separate dependent variables. The categorization of elite levels and participants is outlined below: there are 41 semi-elite athletes, 70 competitive elite athletes, 12 successful elite athletes, and 4 world-class elite athletes.
There were no differences in semi-elite and competitive elite athletes' perceptual-cognitive skills regarding visual-spatial reaction time (Wilks' λ = 0.956, > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in the working memory span (Wilks' λ = 0.804, < 0.05).
The study reports that elite college athletes have higher working memory, which is crucial for sport performance, compared to semi-elite athletes. However, no between-group differences were observed in reaction time.
在某项运动中具备专业技能的运动员拥有广泛的程序性和事实性信息，这增强了他们集中注意力、利用线索和预测事件的能力。本研究通过关注注意力线索、处理速度和工作记忆来考察感知认知技能的差异。
采用成分技能方法，使用感知认知技能的非特定运动认知测量方法来评估运动专业水平的差异。该研究共涉及127名大学生运动员，平均年龄为20.23岁（标准差=3.08），平均训练年限为10.99年。在这些参与者中，有43名女运动员，平均年龄为20.23岁（标准差=3.32），84名男运动员，平均年龄为20.22岁（标准差=2.98）。我们分析了未进行常规运动训练的学生群体，并将其确定为研究的对照组。采用多变量方差分析（MANOVA）来分析SPT和CBT感知认知任务的测量结果，并将它们视为独立的因变量。精英水平和参与者的分类如下：有41名半精英运动员、70名竞技精英运动员、12名成功精英运动员和4名世界级精英运动员。
半精英运动员和竞技精英运动员在视觉空间反应时间方面的感知认知技能没有差异（威尔克斯'λ=0.956，P>0.05），但在工作记忆广度方面存在显著差异（威尔克斯'λ=0.804，P<0.05）。
该研究报告称，与半精英运动员相比，精英大学生运动员具有更高的工作记忆，这对运动表现至关重要。然而，在反应时间方面未观察到组间差异。
