Dziubanek Grzegorz, Furman Joanna, Rogala Danuta, Gut-Pietrasz Klaudia, Ćwieląg-Drabek Małgorzata, Rusin Monika, Domagalska Joanna, Piekut Agata, Baranowska Renata, Niesler Anna, Osmala-Kurpiewska Weronika
Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 18 Piekarska Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Analytical Laboratory of Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 18 Piekarska Street, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
Toxics. 2025 May 6;13(5):377. doi: 10.3390/toxics13050377.
Heavy metal exposure is a significant public health problem, especially among children, who are a particularly vulnerable group. This study investigates the non-dietary exposure of children to lead, cadmium, and zinc and the associated health risk in three selected locations near the former non-ferrous metal smelters. Soil samples were collected from schools, parks, playgrounds, and other recreational places where children spend their free time in three districts of such towns as Katowice, Świętochłowice, and Piekary Śląskie. The contents of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the surface soil samples had the following ranges: 4.09-20.94 mg Cd/kg d.m., 161.70-1027.68 mg Pb/kg d.m., and 577.76-1475.93 mg Zn/kg d.m., respectively. The threshold doses of Cd, Zn, and Pb are 0.001 mg × kg × day, 0.3 mg × kg × day, and 0.0035 mg × kg × day. A significant health risk was estimated as a result of non-dietary exposure of children to lead. The greatest non-cancer health risk in the population of children <6 years of age and in younger school children (<12 years of age) was shown. The problem was especially concerning in the scenario that assumed ingestion of soil particles in the areas most heavily contaminated with lead in the Katowice-Szopienice district. The public health policy should aim to monitor the current exposure of the local population to Pb and educate them on effective prophylactic methods to minimize environmental health risks.
重金属暴露是一个重大的公共卫生问题，尤其是在儿童中，他们是特别脆弱的群体。本研究调查了儿童在三个选定的靠近前有色金属冶炼厂的地点的铅、镉和锌的非饮食暴露情况以及相关的健康风险。从学校、公园、操场和其他儿童在卡托维兹、斯武托乔维采和谢拉兹省皮耶卡里等城镇的三个区度过闲暇时间的娱乐场所采集了土壤样本。表层土壤样本中镉、铅和锌的含量范围分别为：4.09 - 20.94毫克镉/千克干物质、161.70 - 1027.68毫克铅/千克干物质和577.76 - 1475.93毫克锌/千克干物质。镉、锌和铅的阈剂量分别为0.001毫克×千克×天、0.3毫克×千克×天和0.0035毫克×千克×天。儿童铅的非饮食暴露导致了显著的健康风险。结果显示，6岁以下儿童和低龄学童（<12岁）群体中存在最大的非癌症健康风险。在假设摄入卡托维兹 - 绍皮耶尼采区铅污染最严重地区的土壤颗粒的情况下，这个问题尤其令人担忧。公共卫生政策应旨在监测当地居民目前的铅暴露情况，并就有效的预防方法对他们进行教育，以尽量减少环境健康风险。
