Zhang Xuxin, Gao Xu, Chi Zhenxing
School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310015, China.
Toxics. 2025 May 7;13(5):379. doi: 10.3390/toxics13050379.
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can enter the human body and be absorbed into the bloodstream to produce monomethyl phthalate (MMP). MMP in the environment can also enter the bloodstream. However, little is known about the toxicity of the phthalate metabolite MMP in most organisms. In this study, the erythrocyte toxicity of MMP and a preventive approach were investigated using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as the model animal under MMP concentrations of 5-250 mg/kg (sub-chronic exposure in vivo) and 1.25-100 μg/mL (acute exposure in vitro). The experimental results indicate that the interaction of MMP with erythrocytes caused oxidative damage, which decreased the number of red blood cells and the hemoglobin content and increased the content of methemoglobin and the iron release of hemoglobin in rat blood. However, the above results were not observed when MMP directly interacted with hemoglobin. The antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E improved the above blood indicators in rats. The results of this study provide certain theoretical guidance for the evaluation of the potential risks of phthalate metabolites.
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）可进入人体并被吸收进入血液循环，生成单甲基邻苯二甲酸酯（MMP）。环境中的MMP也可进入血液循环。然而，在大多数生物体中，关于邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物MMP的毒性知之甚少。在本研究中，以斯普拉格-道利（SD）大鼠为模型动物，在MMP浓度为5-250 mg/kg（体内亚慢性暴露）和1.25-100 μg/mL（体外急性暴露）的条件下，研究了MMP的红细胞毒性及预防方法。实验结果表明，MMP与红细胞的相互作用导致氧化损伤，使大鼠血液中红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量降低，高铁血红蛋白含量及血红蛋白铁释放增加。然而，当MMP直接与血红蛋白相互作用时，未观察到上述结果。抗氧化剂维生素C和维生素E改善了大鼠的上述血液指标。本研究结果为评估邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的潜在风险提供了一定的理论指导。
