Castro-Méndez Aurora, Tovaruela-Carrión Natalia, Regife-Fernández Laura, García-Mora Sara, Vázquez-Castro María, Alvarez-Cordero Juan
Grupo de Investigación en Liderazgo Hermes CTS-601, Departamento de Podología, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología. Liderazgo DS-30 Bases biomédicas del pie que afectan al apoyo y la marcha, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41009, España.
Grupo de Investigación Hermes CTS-601, Departamento de Podología, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología. Grupo de Investigación DS-30 Bases biomédicas del pie que afectan al apoyo y la marcha, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/ Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41009, España.
Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2025 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s12024-025-01022-7.
Forensic podiatry is the application of the professional knowledge of this specialist in the legal field as an expert. Forensic podiatrists collaborate in the forensic identification of evidence that, from the foot, can help clarify what happened at a crime or crime scene. At the scene of the crime, footprints, shoe prints, and traces are evidence that are present even though they might not be immediately visible. The forensic analysis of a suspect's gait is evidence sometimes available and has as an important characteristic: it is an individualistic parameter and even a biometric factor. This gait analysis can be very relevant as evidence in the context of a crime. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the reliability of gait forensics with respect to the use of angular measurements compared to observational analysis of morphological characteristics to identify the current gold standard.
A systematic review of the scientific literature available in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Dialnet has been carried out. Nine observational studies were selected after applying the eligibility criteria.
The selected studies were analytical and provided, among other information, numerical data on the reliability, reproducibility, and validity of the analysis methods in question. There is not enough conclusive scientific evidence on the reliability of the method of analysis using angular measurements, as there is controversy between authors.
Forensic gait analysis based on angular measurements shows reliability limitations due to intra-individual factors (mood, clothing), requiring further empirical evidence; in contrast, the observational method analyzing of unique gait characteristics emerges as the most reliable method, offering high accuracy, validity, and reproducibility when conducted by trained biomechanical experts.
法医足病学是该专家在法律领域作为专家应用专业知识。法医足病学家在对来自足部的证据进行法医鉴定方面开展协作，这些证据有助于厘清犯罪或犯罪现场发生了什么。在犯罪现场，脚印、鞋印和痕迹是即便可能不会立即显现但依然存在的证据。对嫌疑人步态的法医分析有时是可得的证据，其具有一个重要特征：它是一个个体性参数甚至是一个生物特征因素。这种步态分析在犯罪背景下作为证据可能非常相关。本系统评价的目的是评估与形态特征的观察分析相比，使用角度测量进行步态法医鉴定的可靠性，以确定当前的金标准。
对PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、CINAHL和Dialnet中可用的科学文献进行了系统评价。在应用纳入标准后选择了9项观察性研究。
所选研究具有分析性，并提供了除其他信息外有关所讨论分析方法的可靠性、可重复性和有效性的数值数据。关于使用角度测量的分析方法的可靠性，没有足够的确凿科学证据，因为作者之间存在争议。
基于角度测量的法医步态分析由于个体内部因素（情绪、服装）而显示出可靠性限制，需要进一步的经验证据；相比之下，分析独特步态特征的观察方法成为最可靠的方法，由训练有素的生物力学专家进行时具有高准确性、有效性和可重复性。
