Meramo Samir, Mesa Jaime A, Cano-Londoño Natalia A, Pupo-Roncallo Oscar, Gonzalez-Quiroga Arturo
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
GINPRO, Industrial Engineering Department, Fundacion Universitaria Colombo Internacional, 50, Cra. 50 #31, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia.
Ambio. 2025 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s13280-025-02197-7.
Energy systems are essential for societal development but also contribute significantly to global environmental impacts. For the first time, a review explores the role of energy systems to transgression levels of planetary boundaries, based on quantitative sustainability assessments. The environmental sustainability of various energy sources is reviewed to identify key hotspots and describe pathways toward more sustainable alternatives. Fossil-based energy systems significantly contribute to exceeding planetary boundaries, remarkably, climate change, ocean acidification, and, to a lesser extent, chemical pollution and eutrophication. While renewable energy systems perform better in climate change and ocean acidification, they might lead to trade-offs in other categories. For instance, expansion of bioenergy could lead to increased pressures on biogeochemical cycles, water demand and land use. This review emphasizes the need for a holistic approach, integrating planetary boundaries into energy transition strategies to ensure sustainability and minimize environmental impacts.
能源系统对社会发展至关重要，但也对全球环境影响有重大贡献。首次有一项综述基于定量可持续性评估，探讨了能源系统对跨越行星边界水平的作用。对各种能源的环境可持续性进行了综述，以确定关键热点，并描述通往更可持续替代方案的途径。基于化石的能源系统对超过行星边界有重大贡献，显著的是气候变化、海洋酸化，以及在较小程度上的化学污染和富营养化。虽然可再生能源系统在气候变化和海洋酸化方面表现更好，但它们可能会在其他类别中导致权衡。例如，生物能源的扩张可能会给生物地球化学循环、水资源需求和土地利用带来更大压力。本综述强调需要一种整体方法，将行星边界纳入能源转型战略，以确保可持续性并尽量减少环境影响。
