Quirk Grace E, Schoenle Marta V, Peyton Kameron L, Uhrlaub Jennifer L, Lau Branden, Liang Chieh-Yu, Burgess Jefferey L, Ellingson Katherine, Beitel Shawn, Romine James, Lutrick Karen, Fowlkes Ashley, Britton Amadea, Tyner Harmony L, Caban-Martinez Alberto J, Naleway Allison, Gaglani Manjusha, Yoon Sarang, Edwards Laura J, Olsho Lauren, Dake Michael, Valdez Riccardo, Gordon Aubree, Diamond Michael S, LaFleur Bonnie J, Nikolich Janko Ž, Sprissler Ryan, Worobey Michael, Bhattacharya Deepta
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Nat Immunol. 2025 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41590-025-02162-2.
Few type-specific antibodies that recognize drifted epitopes are made during post-vaccination exposures to SARS-CoV-2 variants, perhaps due to suppression by previous immunity. We compared type-specific B cell responses in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals with Delta and Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant infections. For both Delta, which is antigenically similar to the vaccine strain, and the more distant BA.1 variant, neutralizing antibodies were greater in post-vaccination variant infections than in primary variant infections. Delta type-specific memory B cells were reduced in post-vaccination Delta infections relative to primary variant infections. Yet some drifted epitopes in the Delta variant elicited minimal responses even in primary infections. For BA.1 infections, type-specific antibodies and memory B cells were mostly undetectable, irrespective of previous immunity. Thus, poor intrinsic antigenicity of drifted epitopes in Delta and BA.1 infections superseded the impact of previous immunity. Enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens may promote type-specific responses.
在接种疫苗后接触新冠病毒变种期间，很少产生识别发生抗原漂移表位的型特异性抗体，这可能是由于先前免疫的抑制作用。我们比较了未接种疫苗和接种疫苗的个体感染德尔塔和奥密克戎BA.1新冠病毒变种时的型特异性B细胞反应。对于抗原性与疫苗株相似的德尔塔以及亲缘关系更远的BA.1变种，接种疫苗后感染变种时产生的中和抗体比初次感染变种时更多。与初次感染变种相比，接种疫苗后感染德尔塔时，德尔塔型特异性记忆B细胞减少。然而，即使在初次感染中，德尔塔变种中的一些发生抗原漂移的表位引发的反应也很微弱。对于BA.1感染，无论先前是否有免疫力，型特异性抗体和记忆B细胞大多无法检测到。因此，德尔塔和BA.1感染中发生抗原漂移表位的固有抗原性较差，超过了先前免疫的影响。增强疫苗抗原的免疫原性可能会促进型特异性反应。
