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意象训练对运动员表现的影响：一项系统评价的多层次荟萃分析

The Effects of Imagery Practice on Athletes' Performance: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis with Systematic Review.

作者信息

Liu Yiran, Zhao Shiao, Zhang Xuda, Zhang Xiaoyu, Liang Taihe, Ning Ziheng

机构信息

Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, R. de Luís Gonzaga Gomes, Macao 999078, China.

出版信息

Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 May 16;15(5):685. doi: 10.3390/bs15050685.

DOI:10.3390/bs15050685
PMID:40426460
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12109254/
Abstract

Imagery, a classic technique in psychological training, is gaining momentum in competitive sports. Despite the increasing use of imagery, its effectiveness remains debated. Robust, data-driven conclusions are still lacking. This study seeks to investigate the effects of imagery practice on enhancing athletic performance and determine the ideal dosage of such practice through a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. A comprehensive search across seven databases, including SportDiscus, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE, MEDLINE Complete, and CINAHL, yielded 23,027 studies. These were initially reviewed for title and abstract using ASReview, followed by full-text screening with Covidence. A total of 86 studies with 3593 athletes (2104 males and 1110 females) were included in this meta-analysis. Our findings indicate that imagery practice enhances athletic performance, encompassing agility, muscle strength, tennis and soccer performance, and is applicable to both tennis and soccer athletes. The efficacy of integrating imagery practice with one or two additional psychological skills trainings (PSTs) surpasses that of imagery practice in isolation. Moderation analysis revealed that engaging in imagery practice for approximately ten minutes, three times weekly over a span of one hundred days, produces the strongest performance gains. This review offers recommendations for athletes regarding the implementation of imagery practice in routine training or prior to competitions, thereby providing empirical evidence to optimize psychological training programs in competitive settings.

摘要

表象训练作为心理训练中的一项经典技术，在竞技体育中越来越受到重视。尽管表象训练的应用日益广泛，但其有效性仍存在争议。目前仍缺乏有力的、基于数据的结论。本研究旨在通过系统评价和多层次荟萃分析，探讨表象训练对提高运动成绩的影响，并确定这种训练的理想剂量。通过对七个数据库进行全面检索，包括体育文献数据库（SportDiscus）、美国国立医学图书馆生物医学数据库（PubMed）、心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）、科学引文索引数据库（Web of Science）、医学期刊数据库（MEDLINE）、MEDLINE Complete和护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL），共检索到23,027项研究。这些研究首先使用自动文献筛选工具（ASReview）对标题和摘要进行初步筛选，然后使用Covidence进行全文筛选。本荟萃分析共纳入了86项研究，涉及3593名运动员（2104名男性和1110名女性）。我们的研究结果表明，表象训练可以提高运动成绩，包括敏捷性、肌肉力量、网球和足球运动表现，并且适用于网球和足球运动员。将表象训练与一两种额外的心理技能训练（PST）相结合的效果优于单独进行表象训练。调节分析显示，在100天的时间里，每周进行三次、每次约10分钟的表象训练，能带来最强的成绩提升。本综述为运动员在日常训练或比赛前进行表象训练提供了建议，从而为优化竞技环境中的心理训练计划提供了实证依据。

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