Elmi Abdirahman, Abdoul-Latif Fatouma M, Pasc Andréea, Risler Arnaud, Philippot Stéphanie, Gil-Ortiz Ricardo, Laurain-Mattar Dominique, Spina Rosella
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche de Djibouti, Medicinal Research Institute, IRM-CERD, Route de l'Aéroport, Haramous, Djibouti City B.P. 486, Djibouti.
Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 May 15;14(5):510. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14050510.
: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical global health challenge, requiring innovative strategies to combat resistant bacterial strains. essential oils (EOs) are promising natural antimicrobial agents. : The EO of was extracted by hydrodistillation from fresh aerial parts and compared to commercial EOs from , , and . Antibacterial activity was evaluated against seven bacterial strains (two Gram-positive and five Gram-negative). Both water-soluble fractions and liposome-encapsulated formulations were tested. Liposomes were prepared using soybean lecithin, and their stability was assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The chemical composition of the pure EOs, water-soluble fractions and non-water-soluble fractions was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). : Liposome encapsulation improved EO solubility in aqueous media and significantly enhanced antibacterial efficacy, reducing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to the water-soluble fractions (MICs ≥ 25%). Among the tested formulations, the liposome containing EO exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against (MIC: 0.04%) followed by liposomes with and (MIC: 0.08%). Against , the most effective formulation was the liposome containing EO (MIC: 0.02%), followed by (MIC: 0.08%). The liposome formulated with maintained its particle size over 72 h without phase separation. GC-MS analysis revealed distinct phytochemical profiles: EO was rich in piperitone (73.9%) and was rich in (Z)-(3,3-Dimethyl)-cyclohexylideneacetaldehyde (39.9%) and citral (32.5%), while and were dominated by geraniol (21.5%) and citronellal (30.8%), respectively. Notably, piperitone, the major compound in EO, exhibited strong antibacterial activity against (MIC of <0.04%). : These findings support the potential of liposome-encapsulated EOs as an effective and sustainable strategy to address AMR. This study provides a foundation for the development of plant-based antimicrobial formulations with improved efficacy.
抗菌耐药性（AMR）是一项严峻的全球健康挑战，需要创新策略来对抗耐药菌株。精油（EOs）是很有前景的天然抗菌剂。从新鲜地上部分通过水蒸馏法提取了[植物名称]的精油，并与来自[其他植物名称1]、[其他植物名称2]和[其他植物名称3]的市售精油进行比较。针对七种细菌菌株（两种革兰氏阳性菌和五种革兰氏阴性菌）评估了抗菌活性。测试了水溶性部分和脂质体包封制剂。使用大豆卵磷脂制备脂质体，并通过动态光散射（DLS）评估其稳定性。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）分析了纯精油、水溶性部分和非水溶性部分的化学成分。脂质体包封提高了精油在水性介质中的溶解度，并显著增强了抗菌效果，与水溶性部分相比，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值降低（MICs≥25%）。在测试的制剂中，含有[植物名称]精油的脂质体对[细菌名称1]表现出最强的抑制作用（MIC：0.04%），其次是含有[植物名称2]和[植物名称3]精油的脂质体（MIC：0.08%）。针对[细菌名称2]，最有效的制剂是含有[植物名称]精油的脂质体（MIC：0.02%），其次是[植物名称2]（MIC：0.08%）。用[植物名称]配制的脂质体在72小时内保持其粒径且无相分离。GC - MS分析揭示了不同的植物化学特征：[植物名称]精油富含胡椒酮（73.9%），[植物名称2]富含（Z） - （3,3 - 二甲基） - 环己叉乙醛（39.9%）和柠檬醛（32.5%），而[植物名称3]和[植物名称4]分别以香叶醇（21.5%）和香茅醛（30.8%）为主。值得注意的是，[植物名称]精油中的主要化合物胡椒酮对[细菌名称1]表现出很强的抗菌活性（MIC<0.04%）。这些发现支持了脂质体包封的[植物名称]精油作为应对AMR的有效且可持续策略的潜力。本研究为开发具有更高疗效的植物基抗菌制剂奠定了基础。
