Elghonemy Mai M, Ayoob Fathalla, Abdel-Ghany Hoda S M, Kassem Abdulsalam M, El-Gendy Abd El-Nasser G, Abdel-Shafy Sobhy, Abd-ElGawad Ahmed M, Imagawa Hiroshi, Elshamy Abdelsamed I
Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Chem Biodivers. 2025 Jun;22(6):e202403276. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202403276. Epub 2025 Feb 22.
Cymbopogon commutatus has been used as an ingredient in the manufacturing of soap and mosquito repellent. Herein, the chemical profiling of the C. commutatus aerial parts essential oil (CCEO) was constructed on the basis of the multiplex of GC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Four nanoformulations-EO nanoemulsions (CCEO@NE), chitosan-coated (CSNPs@NE), silver nanoparticle-loaded (AgNPs@NE), and iron oxide-loaded (FeONPs@NE)-were formulated. The larvicidal effects of CCEO, its major component, and its nanoformulations were evaluated on Culex pipiens. Twenty-seven components (99.77%)-including monoterpenes (78.36%) and sesquiterpenes (21.41%)-were tentatively identified, including geraniol (67.49%) and geranyl acetate (3.52%) as predominant constituents. Geraniol was isolated and confirmed via NMR spectroscopic analysis. The nanoformulations exhibited diverse characteristics, with particle sizes spanning from 81.28 ± 6.17 nm (CCEO@NE) to 128.67 ± 6.96 nm (FeONPs@NE) and encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 72.57% ± 4.05% (FeONPs@NE) to 83.73% ± 6.69% (CCEO@NE). Zeta potentials ranged from -21.38 ± 5.18 mV (AgNPs@NE) to +14.39 ± 2.19 mV (CSNPs@NE), indicating variations in surface charge stability. CCEO and geraniol showed the highest larvicidal effects, recording LC of 263.96 and 226.41 ppm, respectively, after 48 h of exposure. Nanoformulations showed latent effects and inhibitory activity in pupation and fly emergence. Consequently, CCEO and its nanoformulations may present good alternatives for controlling C. pipiens.
香茅已被用作制造肥皂和驱蚊剂的一种成分。在此，基于气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）和核磁共振（NMR）技术构建了香茅地上部分精油（CCEO）的化学图谱。制备了四种纳米制剂——精油纳米乳液（CCEO@NE）、壳聚糖包被（CSNPs@NE）、负载银纳米颗粒（AgNPs@NE）和负载氧化铁（FeONPs@NE）。评估了CCEO、其主要成分及其纳米制剂对致倦库蚊的杀幼虫效果。初步鉴定出27种成分（占99.77%），包括单萜类（占78.36%）和倍半萜类（占21.41%），其中香叶醇（占67.49%）和乙酸香叶酯（占3.52%）为主要成分。通过核磁共振光谱分析分离并确认了香叶醇。纳米制剂表现出不同的特性，粒径范围从81.28±6.17纳米（CCEO@NE）到128.67±6.96纳米（FeONPs@NE），包封率范围从72.57%±4.05%（FeONPs@NE）到83.73%±6.69%（CCEO@NE）。zeta电位范围从 - 21.38±5.18毫伏（AgNPs@NE）到 + 14.39±2.19毫伏（CSNPs@NE），表明表面电荷稳定性存在差异。CCEO和香叶醇表现出最高的杀幼虫效果，暴露48小时后，LC分别为263.96和226.41 ppm。纳米制剂在化蛹和羽化方面表现出潜在作用和抑制活性。因此，CCEO及其纳米制剂可能是控制致倦库蚊的良好替代品。
