Yi Siyu, Tian Xu, Qin Xianwu, Zhang Yan, Guan Shuang, Chen Zhongping, Cai Daliang, Wu Duanqin, Wang Rong, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Min, Zhang Xiumin
State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 May 17;15(10):1452. doi: 10.3390/ani15101452.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of yeast culture (YC) supplementation on growth performance, dietary nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation characteristics, methane (CH) synthesis potential, ruminal bacterial composition, antioxidant and immune capacities in beef cattle. Thirty-six finishing Simmental beef cattle were employed for this experiment. The experiment included three dietary treatments: the basal diet (CON), the basal diet supplemented with Diamon V XP (XP; 50 g/day per cattle), and the basal diet supplemented with Keliben (KLB; 50 g/day per cattle). Various metabolites, such as acetophenone (12.7%), ascorbic acid (10.3%), citric acid (7.25%), D-(+)-proline (6.42%), succinic acid (5.70%), betaine (5.65%) and DL-malic acid (2.62%) were abundant in XP; and ascorbic acid (14.0%), oleamide (9.23%), citric acid (6.03%), betaine (5.88%), succinic acid (4.42%), indole-3-acrylic acid (2.85%) and DL-malic acid (1.73%) were abundant in KLB. Supplementing YC to the cattle increased the apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and ADF, and tended to increase average daily gain. The supplementation of YC to the cattle had no effect on the rumen fermentation pathway as reflected by the unaltered molar percentage of acetate or propionate. The supplementation of XP decreased the concentration of rumen dissolved CH, although no effect on the concentration of dissolved hydrogen was observed. The supplementation of KLB to the cattle increased relative abundance, while the supplementation of XP decreased Euryarchaeota relative abundance in the rumen. Supplementing XP to the cattle increased serum GSH-Px, catalase and T-AOC concentrations, and was accompanied by decreased MAD concentration, indicating improved antioxidant capacity. Supplementing XP to the cattle increased the concentrations of serum IgA, IgG, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ and C4, compared with the CON group, and the KLB group had higher concentrations of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-10, IFN-γ, C3 and C4 compared with the CON and XP groups, which revealed that both XP and KLB can improve the immune function, and that KLB showed a stronger effect. Overall, the supplementation of YC is beneficial to the nutrient digestibility, growth performance and health of beef cattle. Furthermore, XP was more effective than KLB in improving antioxidant capacity and reducing CH production, while KLB was more effective in improving the immune capacity of beef cattle than XP.
本研究旨在评估添加酵母培养物（YC）对肉牛生长性能、日粮养分消化率、瘤胃发酵特性、甲烷（CH）合成潜力、瘤胃细菌组成、抗氧化和免疫能力的影响。本试验选用36头西门塔尔育肥牛。试验包括三种日粮处理：基础日粮（CON）、添加Diamon V XP（XP；每头牛每天50克）的基础日粮和添加克霉苯（KLB；每头牛每天50克）的基础日粮。XP中含有多种代谢产物，如苯乙酮（12.7%）、抗坏血酸（10.3%）、柠檬酸（7.25%）、D-（+）-脯氨酸（6.42%）、琥珀酸（5.70%）、甜菜碱（5.65%）和DL-苹果酸（2.62%）；KLB中抗坏血酸（14.0%）、油酰胺（9.23%）、柠檬酸（6.03%）、甜菜碱（5.88%）、琥珀酸（4.42%）、吲哚-3-丙烯酸（2.85%）和DL-苹果酸（1.73%）含量丰富。给牛添加YC可提高干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观全消化道消化率，并倾向于提高平均日增重。添加YC对瘤胃发酵途径没有影响，乙酸或丙酸的摩尔百分比没有改变。添加XP可降低瘤胃溶解CH的浓度，尽管对溶解氢的浓度没有影响。给牛添加KLB可增加瘤胃中相对丰度，而添加XP可降低瘤胃中广古菌门的相对丰度。给牛添加XP可提高血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化能力浓度，并伴随着丙二醛浓度降低，表明抗氧化能力提高。与CON组相比，给牛添加XP可提高血清IgA、IgG、IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ和C4的浓度，与CON组和XP组相比，KLB组血清IgA、IgG、IgM、IL-10、IFN-γ、C3和C4的浓度更高，这表明XP和KLB均可提高免疫功能，且KLB的效果更强。总体而言，添加YC有利于肉牛的养分消化率、生长性能和健康。此外，XP在提高抗氧化能力和减少CH产生方面比KLB更有效，而KLB在提高肉牛免疫能力方面比XP更有效。
