Minuti Aurelio, Raffaele Ivana, Scuruchi Michele, Lui Maria, Muscarà Claudia, Calabrò Marco
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 May 7;14(5):554. doi: 10.3390/antiox14050554.
Irisin is a peptide derived from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) and is primarily produced by muscle fibers under the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) during exercise. Irisin has been the subject of extensive research due to its potential as a metabolic regulator and its antioxidant properties. Notably, it has been associated with protective actions within the brain. Despite growing interest, many questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects. This review summarizes recent findings on irisin, highlighting its pleiotropic functions and the biological processes and molecular cascades involved in its action, with a particular focus on the central nervous system. Irisin plays a crucial role in neuron survival, differentiation, growth, and development, while also promoting mitochondrial homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and facilitating autophagy-processes essential for normal neuronal function. Emerging evidence suggests that irisin may improve conditions associated with non-communicable neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and multiple sclerosis. Given its diverse benefits, irisin holds promise as a novel therapeutic agent for preventing and treating neurological diseases.
鸢尾素是一种由含III型纤连蛋白结构域蛋白5（FNDC5）衍生而来的肽，主要在运动过程中由肌肉纤维在过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α（PGC1α）的调节下产生。由于其作为代谢调节剂的潜力及其抗氧化特性，鸢尾素一直是广泛研究的对象。值得注意的是，它与大脑内的保护作用有关。尽管人们对此的兴趣日益浓厚，但关于其作用的分子机制仍存在许多问题。这篇综述总结了关于鸢尾素的最新发现，突出了其多效性功能以及其作用所涉及的生物学过程和分子级联反应，特别关注中枢神经系统。鸢尾素在神经元存活、分化、生长和发育中起关键作用，同时还促进线粒体稳态、调节细胞凋亡并促进自噬——这些都是正常神经元功能所必需的过程。新出现的证据表明，鸢尾素可能改善与非传染性神经疾病相关的状况，包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、额颞叶痴呆和多发性硬化症。鉴于其多种益处，鸢尾素有望成为预防和治疗神经疾病的新型治疗剂。
