Zych-Krekora Katarzyna, Sylwestrzak Oskar, Krekora Michał
University of Social Sciences, 90-229 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2025 May 16;14(10):3482. doi: 10.3390/jcm14103482.
: Iron is a fundamental micronutrient. Its deficiency could have a potentially harmful influence on maternal and fetal well-being. : This review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiology, consequences, and clinical meaning of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women. : Untreated ID in pregnancy is associated with a wide spectrum of adverse outcomes: maternal clinical symptoms, cardiovascular disturbances, preterm birth, low birth weight, and impaired fetal neurodevelopment. Furthermore, ID has been related to impaired implantation, miscarriage, congenital heart defects, and neurological complications in fetuses. Women with gastrointestinal disorders and low socioeconomic status constitute a high-risk group of developing IDA. ID remains underdiagnosed and suboptimally managed in some clinical practices. : This review highlights the critical importance of early detection, individualized supplementation, and public health interventions aimed at reducing iron deficiency during pregnancy.
铁是一种基本的微量营养素。其缺乏可能对母婴健康产生潜在有害影响。本综述综合了关于孕妇缺铁（ID）和缺铁性贫血（IDA）的流行病学、后果及临床意义的现有证据。孕期未经治疗的ID与一系列不良后果相关：母体临床症状、心血管紊乱、早产、低出生体重以及胎儿神经发育受损。此外，ID还与着床受损、流产、先天性心脏缺陷以及胎儿神经并发症有关。患有胃肠道疾病和社会经济地位较低的女性构成了发生IDA的高危群体。在一些临床实践中，ID仍未得到充分诊断和优化管理。本综述强调了早期检测、个体化补充以及旨在减少孕期缺铁的公共卫生干预措施的至关重要性。
