Exploring the Multifunctional Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Cancer Progression: Implications for Targeted Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Beyond.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a well-known biomarker for liver cancer, and its clinical utility is widely recognized. Recent studies have revealed that AFP plays a multifaceted role in various malignant tumors, including liver cancer. This suggests that AFP is not merely a biomarker but also contributes significantly to the complex process of tumor formation, emphasizing the importance of targeting AFP in therapeutic approaches. Consequently, innovative research and development are essential to overcome the current limitations of AFP-targeted therapies, enhance treatment efficacy, and minimize side effects. This review explores the role of AFP in cancer development and progression, highlights the biological functions of AFP and related pathways, and discusses the clinical implications of AFP-targeted therapies. Ongoing research on AFP will significantly contribute to our understanding of the biological mechanisms of cancer and aid in developing effective and safe treatments. Ultimately, advancements in AFP-targeted therapeutic approaches are expected to play a crucial role in the future of cancer management.