Caliman-Sturdza Olga Adriana, Gheorghita Roxana Elena, Soldanescu Iuliana
Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania.
Suceava Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 720224 Suceava, Romania.
Life (Basel). 2025 Apr 30;15(5):733. doi: 10.3390/life15050733.
Vitamin D has emerged as a potential modulator of immune responses, sparking interest in its role in COVID-19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes. This review synthesizes current clinical evidence and explores immunological insights into the relationship between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 infection severity. Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse correlation between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of severe disease, hospitalization, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Immunologically, vitamin D exerts regulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immunity, enhancing antimicrobial defense mechanisms, reducing excessive inflammatory responses, and potentially mitigating cytokine storm events observed in severe COVID-19 cases. Despite promising observational data, clinical trials evaluating vitamin D supplementation have shown mixed results, underscoring the need for standardized dosing regimens and patient stratification. Future research should focus on large-scale randomized controlled trials to conclusively determine the therapeutic potential and optimal supplementation strategies for vitamin D in managing COVID-19.
维生素D已成为免疫反应的潜在调节因子，引发了人们对其在新冠病毒易感性和临床结局中作用的兴趣。本综述综合了当前的临床证据，并探讨了关于维生素D水平与新冠病毒感染严重程度之间关系的免疫学见解。流行病学研究表明，维生素D缺乏与新冠病毒患者患重症、住院和死亡风险增加之间存在负相关。在免疫学方面，维生素D对固有免疫和适应性免疫均发挥调节作用，增强抗菌防御机制，减少过度炎症反应，并可能减轻重症新冠病毒病例中观察到的细胞因子风暴事件。尽管观察数据很有前景，但评估补充维生素D的临床试验结果不一，这突出表明需要标准化的给药方案和患者分层。未来的研究应集中在大规模随机对照试验上，以最终确定维生素D在管理新冠病毒方面的治疗潜力和最佳补充策略。
