Rusu Aura, Oancea Octavia-Laura, Donici Elena, Uncu Livia
Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania.
Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania.
Molecules. 2025 May 11;30(10):2126. doi: 10.3390/molecules30102126.
This review examines the latest progress of β-lactam antibiotics, focusing on penems. Penems are distinguished by their unique structural characteristics and remarkable antibacterial activity. The structural characteristics of the class that differentiate it from carbapenems or monobactams are addressed. Notable representatives such as sulopenem and faropenem are discussed. Faropenem's stability and efficacy against resistant bacterial strains emphasize the therapeutic potential of penems. The review highlights sulopenem's recent FDA approval, marking a key point in treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by specific bacteria in adult women with minimal or no other options for oral antibiotic treatment. The review covers sulopenem's structural considerations, physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action, antibacterial activity, and clinical pharmacology. The development of penem derivatives is also addressed, emphasizing their potential in combating resistant bacterial infections. Despite having few approved representatives, penems show promising prospects for future design and may significantly contribute to the fight against bacterial resistance. The review also highlights the challenges and future possibilities in penem research, including the need for improved oral bioavailability and the potential for combination therapies with β-lactamase inhibitors. Overall, penems are valuable antibacterial agents in the antimicrobial arsenal, offering hope in the ongoing battle against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
本综述探讨了β-内酰胺类抗生素的最新进展，重点关注青霉烯类。青霉烯类以其独特的结构特征和显著的抗菌活性而著称。文中阐述了该类药物与碳青霉烯类或单环β-内酰胺类药物不同的结构特征。讨论了诸如舒洛培南和法罗培南等著名代表药物。法罗培南对耐药菌株的稳定性和疗效凸显了青霉烯类的治疗潜力。该综述强调了舒洛培南最近获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准，这标志着在治疗成年女性由特定细菌引起的单纯性尿路感染方面的一个关键点，此时口服抗生素治疗选择极少或没有其他选择。该综述涵盖了舒洛培南的结构考量、理化性质、作用机制、抗菌活性和临床药理学。还讨论了青霉烯类衍生物的开发，强调了它们在对抗耐药细菌感染方面的潜力。尽管已获批的代表药物较少，但青霉烯类在未来设计方面显示出有前景的前景，并且可能在对抗细菌耐药性方面做出重大贡献。该综述还强调了青霉烯类研究中的挑战和未来可能性，包括提高口服生物利用度的需求以及与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联合治疗的潜力。总体而言，青霉烯类是抗菌药库中有价值的抗菌剂，为对抗多重耐药病原体的持续斗争带来了希望。
