Kortaberria Galder
Group 'Materials + Technologies' (GMT), Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 May 8;17(10):1292. doi: 10.3390/polym17101292.
In this review work, the different routes and methods for preparing hybrid materials based on nanostructured block copolymers (BCPs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are analyzed, as they can be potentially employed in different sectors like biomedicine, electronic or optoelectronic devices, data storing devices, etc. The first procedure for their preparation consists of the nanostructuring of BCPs in the presence of previously synthesized NPs by modifying their surface for increasing compatibility with the matrix or employing magnetic fields for NP orientation, which can also promote the orientation of nanodomains. Surface modification with surfactants led to the selective confinement of NPs depending on the interaction (mainly hydrogen bonding) degree and their intensity. Surface modification with brushes can be performed by three methods, including grafting from, grafting to, or grafting through. Those methods are compared in terms of success for the positioning and confinement of NPs in the desired domains, showing the crucial importance of brush length and grafting density, as well as of NP amount and modification degree in the self-assembled morphology. Regarding the use of external magnetic fields, the importance of relative amounts of MNPs and BCPs employed and that of the magnetic field intensity for the orientation of the NPs and the nearby BCP domains is shown. The second procedure, consisting of the in situ synthesis of NPs inside the nanodomains by a reduction in the respective metallic ions or employing metal-containing BCPs for the generation of MNP patterns or arrays, is also shown. In all cases, the transference of magnetic properties to the nanocomposite was successful. Finally, a brief summary of some aspects about the use of BCPs for the synthesis, encapsulation, and release of MNPs is shown, as they present potential biomedical applications such as cancer treatment, among others.
在本综述工作中，分析了基于纳米结构嵌段共聚物（BCP）和磁性纳米颗粒（MNP）制备杂化材料的不同途径和方法，因为它们有可能应用于生物医学、电子或光电器件、数据存储设备等不同领域。其制备的第一种方法是在先前合成的纳米颗粒存在的情况下对BCP进行纳米结构化，通过修饰其表面以提高与基质的相容性，或利用磁场使纳米颗粒取向，这也可以促进纳米域的取向。用表面活性剂进行表面改性会根据相互作用（主要是氢键）程度及其强度导致纳米颗粒的选择性受限。用刷子进行表面改性可以通过三种方法进行，包括从接枝、向接枝或通过接枝。就纳米颗粒在所需区域的定位和受限的成功程度对这些方法进行了比较，显示了刷子长度和接枝密度以及纳米颗粒数量和改性程度在自组装形态中的至关重要性。关于外部磁场的使用，显示了所使用的MNP和BCP的相对量以及磁场强度对纳米颗粒和附近BCP域取向的重要性。还展示了第二种方法，即通过还原相应的金属离子在纳米域内原位合成纳米颗粒，或使用含金属的BCP来生成MNP图案或阵列。在所有情况下，都成功地将磁性转移到了纳米复合材料中。最后，简要总结了关于使用BCP进行MNP的合成、封装和释放的一些方面，因为它们具有潜在的生物医学应用，如癌症治疗等。
