Kostadinova Emiliya, Angelova Svetla, Tsonkova-Popova Tsvetana, Zlateva Dima, Yordanova Rozalina, Stanilova Spaska
Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
Pathogens. 2025 Apr 27;14(5):426. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14050426.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV)-the two primary causative viruses of bronchiolitis in children-have been studied extensively in terms of their associations with disease severity and serious late disease outcomes. In this study, we explored the differences in the clinical values of IFN-γ and IL-10 serum levels in RSV and RV bronchiolitis in the Bulgarian childhood population. Eighty-eight children with acute bronchiolitis, aged two months to two years, who were admitted to the General Pediatrics Clinic of University Hospital "Prof. St. Kirkovich", Stara Zagora, Bulgaria served as this study's subjects. The degree of wheezing and respiratory failure were classified. Naso-pharyngeal swabs were collected from all participants, and molecular identification of viruses was performed using real-time PCR. Serum samples were used to determine IFN-γ and IL-10 quantities using ELISA kits, and data are presented as the median IQR (25-75%). The total serum IL-10 levels were significantly enhanced in RSV-infected children compared to those infected with RV (14.4 (12.2-24.0) vs. 8.9 (7.2-12.5); < 0.001) and the other viral bronchiolitis groups (14.4 (12.2-24.0) vs. 6.65 (3.9-15.3); = 0.003). The highest IL-10 levels (14.4 (12.8-27.9)) were found in RSV-positive patients with first-degree respiratory failure. Almost identical serum IFN-γ levels were determined for RSV- and RV-positive bronchiolitis patients (3.2 (1.6-6.8) and 2.8 (1.1-7.3); = 0.781). Variance analysis of IL-10 serum levels revealed statistically significant differences among the patient groups depending on the type of viral infection, concerning respiratory failure ( = 0.005) and wheezing severity ( = 0.017). Our findings show that the IL-10 levels and the type of virus have a combined effect on disease severity. These data might contribute to patients' personalized/individualized therapy and the prevention of recurrent wheezing later in life.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和鼻病毒（RV）是儿童细支气管炎的两种主要致病病毒，人们已对它们与疾病严重程度及严重晚期疾病结局的关联进行了广泛研究。在本研究中，我们探讨了保加利亚儿童群体中，RSV和RV细支气管炎患者血清中IFN-γ和IL-10水平的临床价值差异。88名年龄在2个月至2岁之间、因急性细支气管炎入住保加利亚旧扎戈拉市“圣基尔科维奇教授”大学医院普通儿科诊所的儿童作为本研究对象。对喘息程度和呼吸衰竭程度进行了分类。从所有参与者中采集鼻咽拭子，并使用实时PCR进行病毒的分子鉴定。使用ELISA试剂盒测定血清样本中的IFN-γ和IL-10含量，数据以中位数IQR（25%-75%）表示。与感染RV的儿童相比，RSV感染儿童的血清IL-10总水平显著升高（14.4（12.2 - 24.0）对8.9（7.2 - 12.5）；<0.001），与其他病毒引起的细支气管炎组相比也显著升高（14.4（12.2 - 24.0）对6.65（3.9 - 15.3）；=0.003）。在一级呼吸衰竭的RSV阳性患者中发现了最高的IL-10水平（14.4（12.8 - 27.9））。RSV和RV阳性细支气管炎患者的血清IFN-γ水平几乎相同（3.2（1.6 - 6.8）和2.8（1.1 - 7.3）；=0.781）。对IL-10血清水平的方差分析显示，根据病毒感染类型，患者组在呼吸衰竭方面（=0.005）和喘息严重程度方面（=0.017）存在统计学显著差异。我们的研究结果表明，IL-10水平和病毒类型对疾病严重程度有综合影响。这些数据可能有助于患者的个性化治疗以及预防日后生活中的反复喘息。
