Toxicity of Essential Oils of , , and Against .

The tomato russet mite (TRM), , is a destructive pest of tomato crops worldwide. It poses a significant challenge to growers in both greenhouse and open-field conditions. Traditional chemical control methods are often ineffective, promote resistance, and have negative environmental impacts. This has prompted the search for alternative strategies, such as biological control and eco-friendly botanical pesticides. In this study, we evaluated the acaricidal effects of essential oils (EOs) extracted from three officinal plants, L., Spenn., and L., cultivated using precision aromatic crop (PAC) techniques. Their efficacy was evaluated against under laboratory conditions. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The dominant component of EO was carvacrol (83.42%), followed by ρ-cymene (3.06%), and γ-terpinene (2.93%). In , α-pinene (28.0%), 1,8-cineole (11.00%), and borneol (7.72%) were the major components. EO was characterized by high levels of 1,8-cineole (27.67%), camphor (21.91%), and crisantenone (12.87%). We tested multiple concentrations (320-5000 μL L-) and exposure times (1-4 days) to assess mite mortality. The results revealed both dose- and time-dependent toxic activity, with significant differences among EOs. EO was the most toxic, causing 90% mortality at 0.5% (/) concentration after 4 days. and EOs had more limited effects, with 46% and 42% mortality, respectively. Lethal concentration (LC) values were 2.23 mL L- (95% CI: 1.74-3.05) for , 5.84 mL L- (95% CI: 3.28-22.29) for , and 6.01 mL L- (95% CI: 2.63-261.60) for . These results indicate that EO shows efficacy comparable to commercially available botanical pesticides. Our findings support the potential of EO as a viable alternative for the control of , contributing to integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.