Wang Zhonghao, Xu Kai, Yin Shuo, Liu Jing, Qin Jianhua, Wang Dehe, Xu Lijun, Wang Chuanwen
College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
Poult Sci. 2025 Jan;104(1):104540. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104540. Epub 2024 Nov 9.
The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae, a prevalent ectoparasite in egg-laying poultry, severely compromises bird health and impedes the poultry industry's development. However, the escalating drug resistance due to sustained reliance on chemical acaricides highlights the urgent need for new mite management strategies. Therefore, plant essential oils (EOs), which exhibit natural acaricidal properties and environmental compatibility, represent promising candidates for developing eco-friendly acaricides. In this study, we formulated binary mixtures of the median lethal concentrations (LC) of carbaryl and EOs of Cinnamomum cassia and Origanum vulgare at ratios from 1:9 to 9:1 and then evaluated their contact toxicity, fumigant toxicity, and ovicidal effects against D. gallinae. The binary mixtures of C. cassia-carbaryl (2:8), O. vulgare-carbaryl (6:4), and C. cassia-O. vulgare (7:3) exhibited the most effective contact toxicity and achieved mite mortality rates of 60 %, 66.7 %, and 65.5 %, respectively, with poison ratios of 1.22, 1.25, and 1.24, respectively, indicating synergism. In the fumigant trials, the O. vulgare-carbaryl (6:4) mixture achieved 97 % mite mortality at 48 h, whereas the C. cassia-carbaryl (2:8) mixture demonstrated low mite mortality of 18 %. Notably, the C. cassia-O. vulgare mixture at 7:3 resulted in 87 % mite mortality, which was lower than that of the other ratios for this mixture. Furthermore, the ovicidal effects of the optimal binary mixtures of C. cassia-carbaryl (2:8), O. vulgare-carbaryl (6:4), and C. cassia-O. vulgare (7:3) were significantly better than those of a single drug, with egg hatchabilities of 2.3 %, 6.6 %, and 4.3 %, respectively, thus indicating strong inhibition of D. gallinae eggs. These combinations outperformed the single-agent controls, with egg hatchability rates of 31 % for C. cassia EO, 33.3 % for O. vulgare EO, and 20 % for carbaryl. Compared with the control group, mite eggs treated with the optimal binary mixtures and single drugs exhibited significant shrinkage and structural damage, which are consistent with low egg hatchability. These results demonstrate that integrating EOs with carbaryl could represent a viable alternative strategy for the management of poultry red mites.
鸡皮刺螨（Dermanyssus gallinae）是蛋鸡中一种常见的体外寄生虫，严重损害禽类健康并阻碍家禽业的发展。然而，由于持续依赖化学杀螨剂导致耐药性不断升级，凸显了对新的螨虫管理策略的迫切需求。因此，具有天然杀螨特性和环境相容性的植物精油（EOs）成为开发环保型杀螨剂的有前景的候选物。在本研究中，我们将西维因（carbaryl）与肉桂（Cinnamomum cassia）和牛至（Origanum vulgare）精油的半数致死浓度（LC）按1:9至9:1的比例配制成二元混合物，然后评估它们对鸡皮刺螨的接触毒性、熏蒸毒性和杀卵效果。肉桂 - 西维因（2:8）、牛至 - 西维因（6:4）和肉桂 - 牛至（7:3）的二元混合物表现出最有效的接触毒性，螨虫死亡率分别达到60%、66.7%和65.5%，毒力比分别为1.22、1.25和1.24，表明具有协同作用。在熏蒸试验中，牛至 - 西维因（6:4）混合物在48小时时螨虫死亡率达到97%，而肉桂 - 西维因（2:8）混合物的螨虫死亡率较低，为18%。值得注意的是，7:3比例的肉桂 - 牛至混合物导致87%的螨虫死亡率，低于该混合物其他比例的死亡率。此外，肉桂 - 西维因（2:8）、牛至 - 西维因（6:4）和肉桂 - 牛至（7:3）的最佳二元混合物的杀卵效果明显优于单一药物，卵孵化率分别为2.3%、6.6%和4.3%，从而表明对鸡皮刺螨卵有强烈抑制作用。这些组合优于单剂对照，肉桂精油的卵孵化率为31%，牛至精油为33.3%，西维因为20%。与对照组相比，用最佳二元混合物和单一药物处理的螨虫卵表现出明显的收缩和结构损伤，这与低卵孵化率一致。这些结果表明，将精油与西维因结合可能是管理鸡皮刺螨的一种可行替代策略。
