Ogarrio Kristen, Santos Maria P, De Anda-Duran Ileana, Potts Kaitlin S, Bazzano Lydia A, Ley Sylvia H
Department of Epidemiology, Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 May 10;17(10):1636. doi: 10.3390/nu17101636.
: Individual nutrients are associated with cognitive performance, but there is less evidence on the relationship between overall dietary patterns and cognitive performance in midlife. To examine the relation between dietary patterns and cognitive performance in midlife adults within the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS). : Cross-sectional data from the 2013-2016 cycle of the Bogalusa Heart Study, a life-course prospective cohort study, were used to generate diet quality scores, including the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI), the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI), and the Alternate Mediterranean Dietary Pattern (aMed), based on food frequency questionnaires. Cognitive scores assessing attention and processing, episodic memory, and executive function were generated through validated cognitive tests. Generalized linear and logistic regression models were fit with adjustment for potential confounders. : Of 1053 participants included in the analysis, the mean age was 48.18 (SD = 5.22) years; 38.94% were male; and 31.14% identified as Black. Higher diet quality scores were associated with a higher global cognitive score (-trend = 0.01 for AHEI, 0.02 for HEI, and 0.04 for aMed) after adjusting for age, sex, race, employment, education, smoking status, total energy intake, physical activity, BMI, diabetes, and hypertension. In dichotomous outcome analyses, higher AHEI and aMed scores remained inversely associated with low cognition when adjusting for similar covariates (-trend = 0.03 for AHEI, 0.03 for aMed), but the association was attenuated to non-significance for HEI. In joint effect analysis between employment and dietary patterns (-interaction = 0.28 for AHEI, 0.01 for HEI, and 0.11 for aMed), unemployment with a lower quality diet was associated with lower cognitive performance (-trend = 0.02 for AHEI, 0.02 for HEI, and 0.01 for aMed). : A high-quality diet is associated with optimal cognitive performance among midlife adults, and unemployment status may influence this association. These findings suggest that dietary interventions during midlife may represent a public health strategy to preserve cognitive function and reduce future neurodegenerative disease burden, especially in disadvantaged populations.
个体营养素与认知表现相关，但关于中年时期整体饮食模式与认知表现之间关系的证据较少。为了在博加卢萨心脏研究（BHS）中研究中年成年人饮食模式与认知表现之间的关系。：博加卢萨心脏研究是一项生命历程前瞻性队列研究，利用其2013 - 2016周期的横断面数据，根据食物频率问卷生成饮食质量得分，包括2010年替代健康饮食指数（AHEI）、2015年健康饮食指数（HEI）和替代地中海饮食模式（aMed）。通过经过验证的认知测试生成评估注意力和处理能力、情景记忆和执行功能的认知得分。采用广义线性和逻辑回归模型，并对潜在混杂因素进行调整。：在纳入分析的1053名参与者中，平均年龄为48.18（标准差 = 5.22）岁；38.94%为男性；31.14%为黑人。在调整年龄、性别、种族、就业、教育、吸烟状况、总能量摄入、身体活动、体重指数、糖尿病和高血压后，较高的饮食质量得分与较高的整体认知得分相关（AHEI的 - 趋势 = 0.01，HEI的为0.02，aMed的为0.04）。在二分结果分析中，调整类似协变量后，较高的AHEI得分和aMed得分与低认知仍呈负相关（AHEI的 - 趋势 = 0.03，aMed的为0.03），但HEI的关联减弱至无统计学意义。在就业与饮食模式的联合效应分析中（AHEI的 - 交互作用 = 0.28，HEI的为0.01，aMed的为0.11），低质量饮食的失业者与较低的认知表现相关（AHEI的 - 趋势 = 0.02，HEI的为0.02，aMed的为0.01）。：高质量饮食与中年成年人的最佳认知表现相关，失业状况可能会影响这种关联。这些发现表明，中年时期的饮食干预可能是一种公共卫生策略，以保护认知功能并减轻未来神经退行性疾病负担，特别是在弱势群体中。
