Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Avantmedic, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Feb 20;12(2):560. doi: 10.3390/nu12020560.
The aim of this study was to assess the dietary pattern (i.e., Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and healthy eating) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with those without diabetes. In addition, we explored clinical factors associated with the dietary pattern. This cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 476 participants (238 with T2D and 238 participants without diabetes, matched for age and sex). The alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Statistical analysis included comparison between groups and multivariable models. Participants with T2D showed higher aMED and aHEI scores (mean (SD): 4.3 (1.5) and 43.9 (6.5), respectively) in comparison with the control group (3.5 (1.8) and 39.4 (7.4), respectively; < 0.001). In addition, a higher proportion of participants with T2D in higher tertiles of aMED (21.8%) and aHEI (39.9%) was observed compared with participants without diabetes (11.3% for the aMED, and 19.3% for the aHEI; < 0.001). The adjusted multivariable analysis revealed that T2D ( 0.001), increasing age ( 0.006 and = 0.030, respectively), and physical activity ( 0.009) were positively associated with higher aMED and aHEI scores. Dyslipidemia and female gender were positively associated with aMED and aHEI ( = 0.031 and < 0.001, respectively). The specific multivariable analysis for the group with T2D yielded a positive association of age ( < 0.001) and dyslipidemia ( = 0.021) with aMED. Regarding the aHEI, only female gender was positively related with this score in diabetes participants ( = 0.025). Participants with T2D showed a higher adherence to the MedDiet and a healthier eating pattern.
本研究旨在评估 2 型糖尿病（T2D）患者与非糖尿病患者的饮食模式（即地中海饮食（MedDiet）和健康饮食）。此外，我们还探讨了与饮食模式相关的临床因素。这项横断面研究纳入了 476 名参与者（238 名 T2D 患者和 238 名年龄和性别匹配的非糖尿病患者）。计算了交替地中海饮食（aMED）评分和交替健康饮食指数（aHEI）。统计分析包括组间比较和多变量模型。与对照组相比，T2D 患者的 aMED 和 aHEI 评分更高（平均值（标准差）：分别为 4.3（1.5）和 43.9（6.5），3.5（1.8）和 39.4（7.4）；<0.001）。此外，与非糖尿病患者相比，T2D 患者中处于 aMED 和 aHEI 较高三分位数的比例更高（21.8%和 39.9%，11.3%和 19.3%；<0.001）。调整后的多变量分析显示，T2D（<0.001）、年龄增加（分别为<0.006 和=0.030）和体力活动（<0.009）与 aMED 和 aHEI 评分升高呈正相关。血脂异常和女性与 aMED 和 aHEI 呈正相关（分别为=0.031 和<0.001）。T2D 组的特定多变量分析显示，年龄（<0.001）和血脂异常（=0.021）与 aMED 呈正相关。关于 aHEI，只有女性在糖尿病患者中与该评分呈正相关（=0.025）。T2D 患者对 MedDiet 的依从性更高，饮食模式更健康。
