Liu Yingying, Ju Yang, Wang Yanjun, Cui Xiaoyan, Sun Yunwei, Hu Ping, Chen Yan
Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2025 May 13;16:1593780. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1593780. eCollection 2025.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic condition commonly observed in adults, particularly among the elderly, is characterized by a dysfunctional insulin response that impairs blood glucose regulation, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia. Ginseng, a medicinal plant with significant economic value and a longstanding history of therapeutic use in Asia, has shown efficacy against various diseases. Extensive clinical and experimental studies highlight ginsenosides, its primary bioactive compounds, for their multiple therapeutic effects across a range of conditions, including endocrine, cardiovascular, and central nervous system disorders. Various ginsenoside types have demonstrated potential in lowering blood glucose levels, reducing insulin resistance, and alleviating complications through the modulation of key protein targets and signaling pathways. This review consolidates the pharmacological actions and mechanisms of distinct ginsenosides in managing diabetes and its complications, offering a theoretical foundation for further pharmacological research and novel drug development for T2DM treatment, while also providing robust theoretical support for future clinical applications.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种常见于成年人尤其是老年人的慢性疾病，其特征是胰岛素反应功能失调，损害血糖调节，导致持续性高血糖。人参是一种具有重要经济价值且在亚洲有着悠久治疗应用历史 的药用植物，已显示出对多种疾病的疗效。广泛的临床和实验研究突出了人参皂苷，其主要生物活性化合物，因其在一系列病症（包括内分泌、心血管和中枢神经系统疾病）中的多种治疗作用。各种类型的人参皂苷已证明在降低血糖水平、降低胰岛素抵抗以及通过调节关键蛋白靶点和信号通路减轻并发症方面具有潜力。本综述巩固了不同人参皂苷在管理糖尿病及其并发症方面的药理作用和机制，为T2DM治疗的进一步药理研究和新药开发提供了理论基础，同时也为未来的临床应用提供了有力的理论支持。
