Patzer Laurine, Schulz Dietmar Frank, Ezeoke Amarachi Queendaline, Linde Marcus, Debener Thomas
Institute of Plant Genetics, Department Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 May 13;16:1591861. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1591861. eCollection 2025.
Breeding roses with ideal ornamental characteristics such as beautiful flowers, a pleasant fragrance, and attractive growth habits is complex and time-consuming. This process can be improved and accelerated through the use of molecular markers.
We conducted a genome-wide association study on nine ornamental traits in roses using the RhWagSNP chip across a panel of 285 cultivars and varieties. Significant marker-trait associations found for major quantitative trait loci were further validated using single-marker analyses with PACE technology in independent panels of up to 182 genotypes.
For six traits- 'Young shoot: intensity of anthocyanin coloration', 'Stem: number of prickles', 'Leaf: glossiness of upper side', 'Flower: number of petals', 'Flower: fragrance', and 'Petal: length'-we identified and validated marker-trait associations for major QTLs. Conversely, we were unable to validate associations for 'Leaf: anthocyanin coloration' and 'Leaf: intensity of green color on the upper side', and found no significant associations in the GWAS for 'Leaf: size'. Loci that affect petal size, petal number and fragrance have been previously studied. We were able to detect associated markers with increased effect sizes for all three traits. Even greater effects were observed when we combined markers from independent loci for petal number and fragrance.
Associated markers for some of the analysed traits largely colocalise with markers previously identified in QTL analyses of biparental populations. Our validation strategy using PACE as an alternative marker technology in independent panels and different environments supports the robustness of our data, irrespective of our limited panel sizes. For the six traits for which we could validate marker-trait associations, our data can be interpreted cautiously as indicating high complexity of inheritance, with few large-effect QTLs influencing the traits. For the other four traits, either greater genetic complexity and/or stronger environmental effects may have confounded our analyses. We believe that the markers presented here can serve as valuable tools for marker-assisted selection and for further genetic analysis of the traits we have analysed.
培育具有理想观赏特性（如美丽的花朵、宜人的香气和吸引人的生长习性）的玫瑰既复杂又耗时。通过使用分子标记可以改进和加速这一过程。
我们使用RhWagSNP芯片在285个栽培品种和变种的群体中对玫瑰的九个观赏性状进行了全基因组关联研究。对主要数量性状位点发现的显著标记-性状关联，在多达182个基因型的独立群体中使用PACE技术进行单标记分析进一步验证。
对于六个性状——“嫩梢：花青素着色强度”、“茎：皮刺数量”、“叶片：上表面光泽度”、“花朵：花瓣数量”、“花朵：香气”和“花瓣：长度”——我们鉴定并验证了主要QTL的标记-性状关联。相反，我们无法验证“叶片：花青素着色”和“叶片：上表面绿色强度”的关联，并且在全基因组关联研究中未发现“叶片：大小”的显著关联。影响花瓣大小、花瓣数量和香气的位点此前已被研究过。我们能够检测到所有这三个性状效应大小增加的相关标记。当我们将来自花瓣数量和香气独立位点的标记组合时，观察到了更大的效应。
一些分析性状的相关标记在很大程度上与先前在双亲群体的QTL分析中鉴定的标记共定位。我们在独立群体和不同环境中使用PACE作为替代标记技术的验证策略支持了我们数据的稳健性，尽管我们的群体规模有限。对于我们能够验证标记-性状关联的六个性状，我们的数据可以谨慎解释为表明遗传高度复杂，很少有大效应QTL影响这些性状。对于其他四个性状，可能是更大的遗传复杂性和/或更强的环境效应混淆了我们的分析。我们相信这里呈现的标记可以作为标记辅助选择以及我们所分析性状的进一步遗传分析的有价值工具。
