Ciesielski Ian, Qasim Zaffer
Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2025 Apr 14;10(Suppl 1):e001779. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2025-001779. eCollection 2025.
The management of the critically injured patient is reliant on a combination of clinical evaluation skills, knowledge of the disease process, and procedural capability. This is supplemented by diagnostic tools. Ultrasound use has rapidly evolved as one such diagnostic tool. The focused assessment by sonography in trauma (FAST) was the index ultrasound protocol for trauma but has since expanded to additional protocols to evaluate shock physiology and independent organ system function and to facilitate procedure techniques. This article reviews the currently applicable techniques relevant to the trauma patient, including regional protocols such as the FAST, extended FAST, and rapid ultrasound for shock and hypotension examinations; organ-system scans, including cardiac, lung, inferior vena cava, and transcranial ultrasound; and the role of ultrasound for various trauma-care procedures such as vascular access and nerve blocks.
危重伤员的管理依赖于临床评估技能、疾病过程知识和操作能力的结合。诊断工具对此起到辅助作用。超声检查作为一种诊断工具，其应用发展迅速。创伤超声重点评估（FAST）是创伤超声检查的标准方案，但此后已扩展到其他方案，用于评估休克生理学和独立器官系统功能，并辅助操作技术。本文回顾了目前适用于创伤患者的相关技术，包括FAST、扩展FAST以及用于休克和低血压检查的快速超声等区域方案；器官系统扫描，包括心脏、肺部、下腔静脉和经颅超声；以及超声在血管通路和神经阻滞等各种创伤护理操作中的作用。
