Jeung Da-Yee, Kim Hyoung Ryoul, Song Hansoo, Kim Inah, Yoon Jin-Ha, Koh Sang-Baek, Oh Sung-Soo, Kang Hee-Tae, Hyun Dae-Sung, Suh Chunhui, Chang Sei Jin
Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanyang Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Ann Occup Environ Med. 2025 May;37:e13. doi: 10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e13. Epub 2025 May 7.
Emotional labor refers to the management of emotions and expressions to meet the emotional requirements of a job role. This study aimed to develop a revised version of the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (KELS®11), based on the first edition (KELS-24) introduced in 2014, and to provide practical applications and guidelines for its use in the Korean workplace through a validation process.
The revised version of KELS®11 was derived from the 24-item KELS, following a review process involving eight experts. To validate the scale's reliability and validity, a self-administered survey was conducted among 359 service industry workers using KELS®11, burnout, and depression scales. KELS®11 was reclassified, and its reliability and validity were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to establish sex-specific cutoff values (normal vs. high-risk groups).
KELS®11 was designed to account for individual, organizational, and cultural contexts. It consists of four subscales and 11 items: "emotional regulation" (2 items), "emotional dissonance" (3 items), "organizational monitoring" (2 items), and "organizational protective system for emotional labor" (4 items). KELS®11 demonstrated good validity (content validity ratio: 0.84; item convergence/discriminant validity success rates: 100%; correlation with burnout: r = 0.185-0.436, p < 0.01; correlation with depression: r = 0.128-0.339, p < 0.05) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.597-0.795). Additionally, sex-specific reference values were established to determine risk groups based on the intensity of emotional labor exposure.
KELS®11 is a validated and reliable measurement tool designed to assess the intensity and magnitude of emotional labor in the workplace. The revised tool reflects critical considerations in the development of emotional labor measurement scales.
情绪劳动是指对情绪和表情进行管理，以满足工作角色的情绪要求。本研究旨在基于2014年推出的第一版（KELS - 24）开发韩国情绪劳动量表（KELS®11）的修订版，并通过验证过程为其在韩国工作场所的实际应用和使用提供指导方针。
KELS®11的修订版源自包含24个条目的KELS，该过程经过了八位专家的评审。为验证该量表的信效度，使用KELS®11、倦怠量表和抑郁量表对359名服务业员工进行了自填式调查。对KELS®11进行了重新分类，并评估了其信效度。进行了受试者工作特征曲线分析以确定特定性别的临界值（正常组与高风险组）。
KELS®11旨在考虑个体、组织和文化背景。它由四个子量表和11个条目组成：“情绪调节”（2个条目）、“情绪失调”（3个条目）、“组织监控”（2个条目）和“情绪劳动的组织保护系统”（4个条目）。KELS®11显示出良好的效度（内容效度比：0.84；条目收敛/区分效度成功率：100%；与倦怠的相关性：r = 0.185 - 0.436，p < 0.01；与抑郁的相关性：r = 0.128 - 0.339，p < 0.05）和信度（克朗巴哈系数：0.597 - 0.795）。此外，还确定了特定性别的参考值，以根据情绪劳动暴露强度确定风险组。
KELS®11是一种经过验证的可靠测量工具，旨在评估工作场所情绪劳动的强度和程度。修订后的工具反映了情绪劳动测量量表开发中的关键考虑因素。
