Janoš Tomáš, Ballester Joan, Méndez-Turrubiates Raúl F, Čupr Pavel, Achebak Hicham
RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Epidemiol. 2025 Apr 12;54(3). doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaf051.
Although several studies have investigated temperature-related mortality and morbidity, only a little is known about the short-term effects of temperature on ambulance dispatches. We aimed to conduct the first nationwide analysis of the association between temperatures and ambulance dispatches in Europe, including, for the first time, a detailed description of age-specific risks for 10-year age groups.
We collected daily data on ambulance dispatches and climate (i.e. temperature and relative humidity) for each district of Czechia (n = 77) during 2010-19. We estimated the relationship for each district by using a quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear models. We then applied a multilevel multivariate random-effects meta-analysis to derive regional and countrywide average associations and calculated the burden of ambulance dispatches that was attributable to non-optimum temperatures.
The susceptibility to low (high) temperatures increased (decreased) with age, except for the youth (<20 years), for whom the risks for both heat and cold were the highest. High temperatures contributed slightly to the risk of ambulance dispatches due to respiratory and cardiovascular causes, while the contribution of low temperatures was substantial. The overall ambulance dispatches burden that was attributable to non-optimum temperatures (optimum temperature = 7.9°C) was 3.55% (95% eCI: 3.43 to 3.67), with a predominant contribution of heat [2.32% (95% eCI: 2.15 to 2.46)] compared with cold [1.23% (95% eCI: 1.16 to 1.30)].
This data can be used as an early-warning indicator for temperature impacts, especially among vulnerable population subgroups, such as children, adolescents, and young adults. This evidence has important implications for healthcare system preparedness and management, and for the projections of climate change health impacts.
尽管有多项研究调查了与温度相关的死亡率和发病率，但关于温度对救护车调度的短期影响却知之甚少。我们旨在对欧洲温度与救护车调度之间的关联进行首次全国性分析，首次详细描述10岁年龄组的特定年龄风险。
我们收集了2010 - 19年期间捷克每个地区（n = 77）的救护车调度和气候（即温度和相对湿度）的每日数据。我们使用带有分布滞后非线性模型的准泊松回归估计每个地区的关系。然后，我们应用多层次多变量随机效应荟萃分析来得出区域和全国平均关联，并计算可归因于非最佳温度的救护车调度负担。
除了年轻人（<20岁），其冷热风险均最高外，对低温（高温）的易感性随年龄增加（降低）。高温对因呼吸和心血管原因导致的救护车调度风险贡献较小，而低温的贡献则很大。可归因于非最佳温度（最佳温度 = 7.9°C）的总体救护车调度负担为3.55%（95% eCI：3.43至3.67），与寒冷[1.23%（95% eCI：1.16至1.30）]相比，高温的贡献占主导[2.32%（95% eCI：2.15至2.46）]。
这些数据可用作温度影响的早期预警指标，特别是在儿童、青少年和年轻人等弱势群体亚组中。这一证据对医疗保健系统的准备和管理以及气候变化对健康影响的预测具有重要意义。
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