The influence of sociodemographic factors on barriers to breast cancer screening: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND

Identifying barriers to cancer screening is essential for developing effective strategies to enhance organized screening programs. Currently, limited studies address Brazilian women's perceptions of these barriers and the influence of sociodemographic factors. This study aims to investigate the impact of sociodemographic factors on barriers to breast cancer screening in the state of São Paulo, a region marked by significant socioeconomic disparities.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a representative sample of women aged 50-69 years residing in São Paulo, who were users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Data were gathered through a semi-structured questionnaire designed to assess sociodemographic factors and barriers to breast cancer screening. Barriers were classified into two categories: those related to women and those associated with the healthcare system. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between the sociodemographic factors and these barriers.

RESULTS

The main barriers to breast screening were pain experienced during mammography, long waiting times, and scheduling difficulties. Lower education levels and Brown or Black skin color were associated with perceptions of longer waiting times, while pre-existing health conditions were linked to fear of diagnosis. Employment status was associated with forgetfulness, scheduling challenges, and longer waiting times. Furthermore, residence area was associated with feelings of embarrassment, pain, and scheduling difficulties.

CONCLUSION

Barriers to breast cancer screening differ based on sociodemographic factors. Brown or Black skin color, residence in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), employment status, and chronic diseases were predictors of women-related barriers. On the other hand, Brown or Black skin color, lower education levels, employment status, and living in the MRSP were predictors of system-related barriers. The findings offer valuable insights for designing targeted strategies to improve breast cancer screening coverage.