Zheng Jiacheng, Yao Laiang, Lei Katie, Huang Wanying, Luo Yi Jie Zhou, Tran Priscilla Hui-Xuan, Guan Aaron, Qiu Yueyi, Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo, Eliseo Don Lucero-Prisno, Zhong Claire Chenwen, Wong Martin C S, Huang Junjie
Birmingham Business School, College of Social Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
BMC Med. 2025 May 28;23(1):297. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04109-8.
Obesity and overweight are prevailing concerns in modern society, but high BMI shows an established correlation with the risk of cancers that impacts not only medical issues but also economic performance. This study analyzes the economic loss due to high BMI-caused cancers (HBCCs).
This study used the comprehensive Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database and estimated the economic loss of HBCCs through the Value of Statistical Life approach (VSLA), incorporating a willingness-to-pay metric. Health burdens are expressed in age-standardized DALYs and death rates, and economic burdens are shown in dollars lost (2021 PPP) calculated from total DALYs. A joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to capture the temporal trends, cancer incidence, and economic losses attributed to high BMI across various countries and income levels. We calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in total economic loss to evaluate the trend over the study period.
There is a growing trend in both economic loss and disease burden of HBCCs on a global level. Colon and rectum cancer (CRC) show the highest economic loss ($2593.159 million, UI: 1109.04-4119.61, to $7294.52 million, UI: 3134.75-11,511.13), with pancreatic (AAPC: 10.47*, CI: 8.01-13.51) and liver cancer (AAPC: 8.08*, CI: 5.77-10.35) being the fastest growing cause. The cancer burden for all measures positively correlates with the country's income level; high-income countries are the only group to experience a decreasing trend in the health burden, but they are still increasing in economic burden. Differences in loss of certain types of cancer and gender gap are observed in different income tiers.
These findings indicate a significant upward trend in economic loss, highlighting the urgency for strengthened policy measures. It is crucial for policymakers to implement effective risk reduction and resilience-building strategies to mitigate future economic loss and better protect vulnerable communities.
肥胖和超重是现代社会普遍关注的问题，但高体重指数（BMI）与癌症风险之间存在既定关联，这不仅影响医疗问题，还影响经济表现。本研究分析了因高BMI导致的癌症（HBCC）造成的经济损失。
本研究使用了全面的《2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）》数据库，并通过统计生命价值法（VSLA），纳入支付意愿指标，估算了HBCC的经济损失。健康负担以年龄标准化的伤残调整生命年（DALY）和死亡率表示，经济负担以根据总DALY计算的损失金额（2021年购买力平价）表示。采用连接点回归分析来捕捉不同国家和收入水平上高BMI导致的癌症发病率、经济损失的时间趋势。我们计算了总经济损失的平均年度百分比变化（AAPC），以评估研究期间的趋势。
全球范围内，HBCC的经济损失和疾病负担都呈上升趋势。结肠癌和直肠癌（CRC）的经济损失最高（2.593159亿美元，不确定区间：1.10904 - 4.11961亿美元，至7.29452亿美元，不确定区间：3.13475 - 11.51113亿美元），胰腺癌（AAPC：10.47*，置信区间：8.01 - 13.51）和肝癌（AAPC：8.08*，置信区间：5.77 - 10.35）是增长最快的病因。所有衡量指标的癌症负担都与国家收入水平呈正相关；高收入国家是唯一健康负担呈下降趋势的群体，但它们的经济负担仍在增加。在不同收入阶层中，观察到某些类型癌症损失和性别差距的差异。
这些发现表明经济损失呈显著上升趋势，凸显了加强政策措施的紧迫性。政策制定者实施有效的风险降低和恢复力建设战略以减轻未来经济损失并更好地保护弱势群体至关重要。
