Figlioli Gisella, Piovani Daniele, Tsantes Andreas G, Pugliese Nicola, Nikolopoulos Georgios K, Hassan Cesare, Repici Alessandro, Lleo Ana, Aghemo Alessio, Bonovas Stefanos
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Clin Nutr. 2025 May;48:144-152. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.002. Epub 2025 Apr 4.
High body mass index (BMI) is a well-established cancer risk factor. Reliable, updated data are essential for guiding public health policies and designing effective interventions to reduce the cancer burden associated with high BMI.
Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 on cancer burden attributable to high BMI were analysed globally, stratified by sex, age, geographic region, cancer type, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Temporal trends in age-standardized rates from 1990 to 2021 were evaluated using estimated annual percentage changes.
In 2021, cancer attributable to high BMI resulted in 356.74 thousand deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 146.12-581.01) and 8.89 million (3.75-14.38) Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), with females bearing the largest burden. From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized rates of high BMI-related cancer deaths increased by 0.35% annually, while DALYs rose by 0.42% annually. In 2021, the burden of cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to high BMI varied considerably across geographical regions. Low-middle SDI regions experienced the largest increases in death and DALY rates attributable to high BMI, while these rates declined in high SDI regions. Colon and rectum cancers accounted for the greatest number of deaths and DALYs, while pancreatic cancer showed the most rapid growth in attributable burden.
High BMI is a major contributor to the global cancer burden, with significant variation by sex, cancer type, region, and SDI level. Targeted public health strategies are urgently needed to mitigate the growing impact of overweight and obesity on cancer.
高体重指数（BMI）是一个公认的癌症风险因素。可靠的最新数据对于指导公共卫生政策和设计有效的干预措施以减轻与高BMI相关的癌症负担至关重要。
对全球疾病负担研究2021中归因于高BMI的癌症负担数据进行全球分析，按性别、年龄、地理区域、癌症类型和社会人口指数（SDI）分层。使用估计的年度百分比变化评估1990年至2021年年龄标准化率的时间趋势。
2021年，归因于高BMI的癌症导致35.674万例死亡（95%不确定区间：14.612 - 58.101万例）和889万（375 - 1438万）伤残调整生命年（DALYs），女性负担最重。从1990年到2021年，高BMI相关癌症死亡的年龄标准化率每年上升0.35%，而DALYs每年上升0.42%。2021年，归因于高BMI的癌症死亡和DALYs负担在不同地理区域差异很大。低中SDI地区因高BMI导致的死亡和DALY率增幅最大，而高SDI地区这些率则下降。结肠癌和直肠癌导致的死亡和DALYs数量最多，而胰腺癌的归因负担增长最快。
高BMI是全球癌症负担的主要促成因素，在性别、癌症类型、地区和SDI水平方面存在显著差异。迫切需要有针对性的公共卫生策略来减轻超重和肥胖对癌症日益增加的影响。
