Gao Yanyan, Guo Linlin, Shi Gaoxiang, Wang Ruifang, Wang Xu'an, Lou Jizhong
Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 99 Long Cheng Road, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Cell Biosci. 2025 May 28;15(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s13578-025-01412-y.
Stem cells differ from other somatic cells in that they possess self-renewal and differentiation potential, which endows them with unique characteristics, and have great therapeutic potential. Studies have shown that the self-renewal and differentiation potential of stem cells is regulated by ribosomes during protein synthesis. In this review, we discuss the translation regulation mechanisms and ribosome biogenesis in stem cells. Protein translation levels and ribosome biogenesis change dynamically during the development and differentiation of stem cells, and hierarchical translational regulation promotes stem cell differentiation. We also demonstrate that mitochondrial protein translation plays an important role in the regulation of stem cell fate. Ribosomes not only mediate the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells through protein synthesis. They are also a key target for stem cell therapy. Understanding the mechanism of ribosome regulation in stem cells will allow better control of stem cells for their application.
干细胞与其他体细胞不同，因为它们具有自我更新和分化潜能，这赋予它们独特的特性，并具有巨大的治疗潜力。研究表明，干细胞的自我更新和分化潜能在蛋白质合成过程中受核糖体调控。在本综述中，我们讨论了干细胞中的翻译调控机制和核糖体生物发生。在干细胞的发育和分化过程中，蛋白质翻译水平和核糖体生物发生动态变化，分级翻译调控促进干细胞分化。我们还证明，线粒体蛋白质翻译在干细胞命运调控中起重要作用。核糖体不仅通过蛋白质合成介导干细胞的自我更新和分化。它们也是干细胞治疗的关键靶点。了解干细胞中核糖体调控机制将有助于更好地控制干细胞以用于其应用。
