Karaca Başar, Kyalo Kilonzo Noah, Korkmaz Şilan, Onar Okan, Yıldırım Özlem, Çöleri Cihan Arzu
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Ankara University Ankara Turkey.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 May 27;13(6):e70355. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70355. eCollection 2025 Jun.
This study investigates the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activity of against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains and its potential to improve the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and exert selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Ethanolic extracts of were analyzed for antibacterial activity by MIC and time-kill assays. Synergistic interactions with antibiotics were quantified using checkerboard assays. Antibiofilm activity was analyzed on polystyrene and stainless-steel surfaces. Anti-quorum sensing activity was determined by the inhibition of violacein in . Efflux pump inhibition was assessed by the accumulation of the ethidium bromide. The down-regulation of virulence genes (, ) was measured by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR). FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectroscopy characterized the bioactive compounds, and the cytotoxicity assays on HT-29 colon cancer and Vero cells evaluated selective toxicity. The extract showed strong antibacterial effects with a MIC of 312.5 μg/mL and concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. Synergistic interactions with antibiotics led to FIC indices ≤ 0.5. The extract significantly inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated already formed biofilms. Sub-MIC concentrations reduced quorum sensing by 85.01%, inhibited efflux pump activity, and down-regulated virulence-associated genes. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of triterpenoids and terpenoids. The extract displayed selective cytotoxicity on HT-29 cancer cells, showing strong inhibition, while normal Vero cells were spared. These results emphasize the potential of as a robust candidate for antimicrobial therapeutics, especially against biofilm-associated and multidrug-resistant pathogens, as well as a selective anticancer agent.
本研究调查了[具体物质]对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）菌株的抗菌、抗生物膜和抗群体感应活性，以及其改善传统抗生素疗效并对癌细胞产生选择性细胞毒性作用的潜力。通过最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和时间杀菌试验分析了[具体物质]的乙醇提取物的抗菌活性。使用棋盘法对与抗生素的协同相互作用进行定量。在聚苯乙烯和不锈钢表面分析抗生物膜活性。通过抑制紫色杆菌素的产生来测定抗群体感应活性。通过溴化乙锭的积累评估外排泵抑制作用。通过定量实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）测量毒力基因（[具体基因名称]）的下调。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对生物活性化合物进行表征，并且对HT-29结肠癌细胞和Vero细胞进行细胞毒性试验以评估选择性毒性。该提取物显示出较强的抗菌作用，MIC为312.5μg/mL，且具有浓度依赖性杀菌活性。与抗生素的协同相互作用导致FIC指数≤0.5。该提取物显著抑制生物膜形成并根除已形成的生物膜。亚MIC浓度降低群体感应85.01%，抑制外排泵活性，并下调毒力相关基因。FT-IR分析证实存在三萜类化合物和萜类化合物。该提取物对HT-29癌细胞表现出选择性细胞毒性，显示出强烈抑制作用，而正常的Vero细胞则未受影响。这些结果强调了[具体物质]作为抗菌治疗的有力候选物的潜力，特别是针对生物膜相关和多重耐药病原体，以及作为一种选择性抗癌剂的潜力。
