Allende Ana, Alvarez-Ordóñez Avelino, Bortolaia Valeria, Bover-Cid Sara, De Cesare Alessandra, Dohmen Wietske, Guillier Laurent, Herman Lieve Maria, Jacxsens Liesbeth, Mughini-Gras Lapo, Nauta Maarten, Ottoson Jakob, Peixe Luisa, Perez-Rodriguez Fernando, Skandamis Panagiotis, Suffredini Elisabetta, Andreoletti Olivier, Béringue Vincent, Griffin John, Simmons Marion, Kryemadhi Kamela, Lanfranchi Barbara, Ortiz-Pelaez Angel, Nonno Romolo
EFSA J. 2025 May 28;23(5):e9435. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9435. eCollection 2025 May.
The European Commission requested EFSA to assess the effect of incineration, co-incineration and combustion of Category 1 animal by-products (ABP) on the BSE/TSE hazards in ash resulting from these treatments. The presence of residual TSE hazards is assessed by detection of prion infectivity or seeding activity. TSE agents or prions are challenging to inactivate completely using heat-based methods. Different TSE strains exhibit varying degrees of thermoresistance. Based on available studies at temperatures 120-134°C, the C-BSE strain is more thermoresistant than other evaluated strains. The vast majority of Category 1 ABP is rendered into 'meat and bone meal' prior to incineration/co-incineration/combustion. Scenarios involving co-incineration for cement production do not need to be considered because all ash is incorporated into the cement. It is not possible to generalise the time/temperature combinations to which Category 1 ABP are subjected across all processes. Due to the challenges in precisely measuring the temperature and residence time in industrial systems, and the wide range of system designs and operating conditions, it can only be assumed that Category 1 ABP are exposed to at least the legal requirements as determined by the conditions of the gas produced or injected into the process: 850°C for 2 s or 1100°C for 0.2 s. The limited sensitivity of the method used in a study involving C-BSE at 1000°C for 20 min prevented a conclusive exclusion of residual C-BSE prions.. Therefore, it is not possible to exclude - with high certainty (> 99%) - the presence of residual BSE/TSE hazards in ash produced from the incineration, co-incineration or combustion of Category 1 ABP. It is recommended to generate data on the actual reduction of infectivity in 'meat and bone meal' spiked with thermoresistant TSE field strains after treatment with the time/temperature combinations required by the legislation or specific industry processes.
欧盟委员会要求欧洲食品安全局评估1类动物副产品（ABP）的焚烧、共焚烧和燃烧对这些处理产生的灰烬中疯牛病/传染性海绵状脑病（TSE）危害的影响。通过检测朊病毒感染性或种子活性来评估残留TSE危害的存在。使用基于加热的方法完全灭活TSE病原体或朊病毒具有挑战性。不同的TSE毒株表现出不同程度的耐热性。根据在120 - 134°C温度下的现有研究，C型疯牛病毒株比其他评估的毒株更耐热。绝大多数1类ABP在焚烧/共焚烧/燃烧之前被制成“肉骨粉”。涉及水泥生产共焚烧的情况无需考虑，因为所有灰烬都被纳入水泥中。不可能概括所有过程中1类ABP所经历的时间/温度组合。由于在工业系统中精确测量温度和停留时间存在挑战，以及系统设计和运行条件的广泛差异，只能假设1类ABP至少暴露于根据产生或注入过程的气体条件确定的法律要求：850°C持续2秒或1100°C持续0.2秒。一项在1000°C下处理20分钟涉及C型疯牛病的研究中使用的方法灵敏度有限，无法确凿排除残留的C型疯牛病朊病毒。因此，不可能高度确定地（> 99%）排除1类ABP焚烧、共焚烧或燃烧产生的灰烬中存在残留的疯牛病/TSE危害。建议生成关于用法规或特定行业流程要求的时间/温度组合处理后，掺有耐热TSE田间毒株的“肉骨粉”中实际感染性降低的数据。
