Nakashima Kazuo, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko, Shinozaki Kazuo
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2025 May 29;380(1927):20240236. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2024.0236.
The rapid increase in greenhouse gases has accelerated global warming, causing significant issues related to climate change, biodiversity and agriculture and adversely affecting crop production and food supply. The molecular and physiological mechanisms by which plants respond to abiotic stresses such as drought, cold and heat are well understood, according to advances in transcriptome analyses. These studies underscore the critical role of transcriptional regulation in managing drought stress and developing tolerance in and other plants. Key genes, including those encoding transcription factors, protein kinases and other regulatory proteins, play essential roles in the cellular and molecular responses to drought. At the onset of drought stress, dehydration-induced signals relay to the nucleus, triggering the transcription of stress-related genes to cope with water deficit. Both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent regulatory mechanisms have been explored in these responses. Furthermore, many drought-inducible genes have been shown to increase stress tolerance via transgenic methods. The use of insights from is vital for advancing crop breeding through the use of genetic modification technologies and genome editing. Recent advances in genomic technologies have provided critical data for crop genotyping, serving as essential platforms.This article is part of the theme issue 'Crops under stress: can we mitigate the impacts of climate change on agriculture and launch the 'Resilience Revolution'?'.
温室气体的迅速增加加速了全球变暖，引发了与气候变化、生物多样性和农业相关的重大问题，并对作物生产和粮食供应产生了不利影响。根据转录组分析的进展，植物对干旱、寒冷和高温等非生物胁迫作出反应的分子和生理机制已得到充分了解。这些研究强调了转录调控在应对干旱胁迫和培育植物及其他植物耐受性方面的关键作用。关键基因，包括那些编码转录因子、蛋白激酶和其他调节蛋白的基因，在细胞和分子对干旱的反应中发挥着重要作用。在干旱胁迫开始时，脱水诱导的信号传递到细胞核，触发与胁迫相关基因的转录以应对水分亏缺。在这些反应中，已经探索了脱落酸（ABA）依赖和ABA非依赖的调节机制。此外，许多干旱诱导基因已被证明通过转基因方法提高胁迫耐受性。利用这些见解对于通过基因改造技术和基因组编辑推进作物育种至关重要。基因组技术的最新进展为作物基因分型提供了关键数据，成为了重要平台。本文是主题特刊“逆境下的作物：我们能否减轻气候变化对农业的影响并发起‘抗逆革命’？”的一部分。
