Wu Fei, Mu Wei-Chieh, Markov Nikola T, Fuentealba Matias, Halaweh Heather, Senchyna Fiona, Manwaring-Mueller Max N, Winer Daniel A, Furman David
Buck AI Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States.
Diabetes Research Group, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
J Immunol. 2025 May 1;214(5):889-902. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae036.
The immune system has long been recognized for its critical role in the elimination of pathogens and the development of autoimmune diseases, but recent evidence demonstrates that it also contributes to noncommunicable diseases associated with biological aging processes, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and frailty. This review examines immunological biomarkers of aging, focusing on how the immune system evolves with age and its impact on health and disease. It discusses the historical development of immunological assessments, technological advancements, and the creation of novel biomarkers and models to study immune aging. We also explore the clinical implications of immune aging, such as increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, poor vaccine responses, and a higher incidence of noncommunicable diseases. In summary, we provide a comprehensive overview of current research, highlight the clinical relevance of immune aging, and identify gaps in knowledge that require further investigation.
免疫系统长期以来因其在消除病原体和自身免疫性疾病发展中的关键作用而被认可，但最近的证据表明，它也与生物衰老过程相关的非传染性疾病有关，如癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性变和身体虚弱。本综述探讨衰老的免疫生物标志物，重点关注免疫系统如何随年龄演变及其对健康和疾病的影响。它讨论了免疫评估的历史发展、技术进步以及用于研究免疫衰老的新型生物标志物和模型的创建。我们还探讨了免疫衰老的临床意义，如对传染病易感性增加、疫苗反应不佳以及非传染性疾病发病率较高。总之，我们提供了当前研究的全面概述，强调了免疫衰老的临床相关性，并确定了需要进一步研究的知识空白。
