Liu Yuxuan, Cao Yunpeng, Wei Hongquan
Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2025 May 15;17:1551939. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1551939. eCollection 2025.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is clinically classified into prodromal (asymptomatic), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, and dementia due to AD. This study investigates the diagnostic value of olfactory function testing for AD and MCI.
Systematic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were conducted up to February 1, 2024. Methodological quality was assessed using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. Effect sizes were combined using a random-effects model (DerSimonian-Laird method), and statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 15.1 and Meta-Disc 1.4 software.
Twenty-five studies with 13,611 participants were included. For diagnosing AD, combined sensitivity (SE) was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.85), specificity (SP) was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69-0.84), and AUC was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82-0.88). For MCI, SE was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54-0.78), SP was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.86), and AUC was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77-0.84). Combined SE and SP for diagnosing AD and MCI were 0.58 (95% CI: 0.46-0.68) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.93), with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74-0.82). SE and SP for AD or MCI were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.36-0.98) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.82-0.98), with an AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.98).
This systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that olfactory function testing, as a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective assessment method, demonstrates high diagnostic efficacy in the early identification of AD and MCI, showing promising clinical application.
CRD42024520871.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）在临床上分为前驱期（无症状）、AD所致的轻度认知障碍（MCI）和AD所致的痴呆。本研究探讨嗅觉功能测试对AD和MCI的诊断价值。
截至2024年2月1日，对PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane和EMBASE数据库进行了系统检索。使用修订后的诊断准确性研究质量评估对方法学质量进行评估。效应量采用随机效应模型（DerSimonian-Laird法）合并，并使用STATA 15.1和Meta-Disc 1.4软件进行统计分析。
纳入了25项研究，共13611名参与者。对于AD的诊断，合并敏感性（SE）为0.79（95%CI：0.71-0.85），特异性（SP）为0.78（95%CI：0.69-0.84），曲线下面积（AUC）为0.85（95%CI：0.82-0.88）。对于MCI，SE为0.67（95%CI：0.54-0.78），SP为0.79（95%CI：0.71-0.86），AUC为0.81（95%CI：0.77-0.84）。诊断AD和MCI的合并SE和SP分别为0.58（95%CI：0.46-0.68）和0.88（95%CI：0.78-0.93），AUC为0.78（95%CI：0.74-0.82）。AD或MCI的SE和SP分别为0.83（95%CI：0.36-0.98）和0.94（95%CI：0.82-0.98），AUC为0.96（95%CI：0.94-0.98）。
本系统评价和荟萃分析表明，嗅觉功能测试作为一种简单、无创且经济有效的评估方法，在AD和MCI的早期识别中显示出较高的诊断效能，具有良好的临床应用前景。
CRD42024520871。
