Yang Juxiang, Zheng Xi, Wang Yi, Wang Hongchu, Song Gang
Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
School of Mathematical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
Discov Ment Health. 2025 May 30;5(1):79. doi: 10.1007/s44192-025-00212-7.
The joint effects of physical activity and sleep duration on depression remain unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the independent and joint associations between physical activity (PA) and sleep duration with depressive symptoms.
We included and analyzed 18,052 participants (age ≥ 20 years) from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2014.
After adjustment, both males and females showed a significant correlation between PA, sleep duration, and depressive symptoms. In the joint association analysis, we found: 1. The interaction between PA and sleep duration was statistically significant in males but not significant in females (P = 0.380). 2. Compared to individuals with the lowest PA level and not meeting the National Sleep Foundation's (NSF) guidelines, those with the highest PA level and recommended sleep duration had a 79% decrease in depression risk in males (odds ratio [OR] 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14-0.32) and a 74% decrease in females (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.20-0.35). 3. In male participants adhering to NSF guidelines, each increase in PA quartile is associated with a 19% reduction in the risk of depression (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.92). Conversely, among male participants not adhering to NSF guidelines, there is a 23% decrease in depression risk (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.86). For female participants, the respective reductions in depression risk are 20% (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.89) and 14% (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.93).
For males, adherence to recommended sleep duration weakens the relationship between physical activity and depression, while the opposite is observed for females.
体育活动和睡眠时间对抑郁症的联合影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是探讨体育活动（PA）和睡眠时间与抑郁症状之间的独立及联合关联。
我们纳入并分析了2007年至2014年期间进行的横断面全国健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中的18,052名参与者（年龄≥20岁）。
调整后，男性和女性的体育活动、睡眠时间与抑郁症状之间均存在显著相关性。在联合关联分析中，我们发现：1. 体育活动与睡眠时间之间的相互作用在男性中具有统计学意义，而在女性中无统计学意义（P = 0.380）。2. 与体育活动水平最低且未达到美国国家睡眠基金会（NSF）指南的个体相比，体育活动水平最高且睡眠时间符合推荐标准的个体，男性的抑郁风险降低了79%（比值比[OR] 0.21，95%置信区间[CI] 0.14 - 0.32），女性降低了74%（OR 0.26，95% CI 0.20 - 0.35）。3. 在遵守NSF指南的男性参与者中，体育活动四分位数每增加一级，抑郁风险降低19%（OR 0.81，95% CI 0.71 - 0.92）。相反，在未遵守NSF指南的男性参与者中，抑郁风险降低23%（OR 0.77，95% CI 0.69 - 0.86）。对于女性参与者，抑郁风险的相应降低幅度分别为20%（OR 0.80，95% CI 0.73 - 0.89）和14%（OR 0.86，95% CI 0.80 - 0.93）。
对于男性，遵守推荐的睡眠时间会削弱体育活动与抑郁之间的关系，而女性则相反。
