Jofré-Saldía Emilio, Festa Raúl Ricardo, Villalobos-Gorigoitía Álvaro, Jorquera-Aguilera Carlos, Ojeda Álvaro Huerta, Cancino-López Jorge, Gea-García Gemma María
Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación y Calidad de Vida, Universidad San Sebastián, Región Metropolina, Chile.
Sports Performance Research, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
PLoS One. 2025 May 30;20(5):e0323501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323501. eCollection 2025.
Strength training is a form of healthy ageing in older women. Although recommendations currently exist, some are very broad or fail to cover the needs of aging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of blocks strength training based on age-related functional consequences on functional performance in older adult women. 82 community-dwelling older women (70.17 ± 6.04 y) were randomly assigned to either experimental (n = 40) or control (n = 42) group. Experimental group performed a Block Strength Training (BST) program based on strength, power, and muscular endurance, and different level of effort for 9 weeks, and control maintained daily routine with physical activity recommendations. Functional performance was assessed using absolute handgrip strength [AHS], timed up and go [TUG], two-minutes step test [2MST], five times stand-to-sit test [5-SST], 6-m walking speed test [6-WS] pre-post intervention. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA (TimeGroup) and effect size (partial eta-squared, ŋP2) with a significance level of p < 0.05. BST improved functional performance in the protocols of AHS (21.51 vs. 23.07-kg; + 7%), TUG (8.22 vs. 7.29-sec; + 11%), 2MST (78.76 vs. 97.18-steps; + 23%), 5-SST (12.68 vs. 9.43-sec; + 26%), and 6-WS (1.16 vs. 1.36- m·s-1; + 17%) compared to control (19.31 vs. 19.66-kg; 8.94 vs. 9.26-sec; 62.68 vs. 63.73-steps; 13.99 vs. 14.25-sec; 1.06 vs. 1.06-m·s-1, respectively) in a TimeGroup interaction effect (p < 0.01; ŋP2 > 0.11). This BST is effective in improving overall functional performance and thus reducing the risk of physical frailty in community-dwelling older women. These findings strengthen the approach to exercise programming over recommendations, moving toward effective precision dosing for older adults.
力量训练是老年女性健康衰老的一种方式。尽管目前已有相关建议，但有些建议非常宽泛，或者未能涵盖衰老的需求。因此，本研究的目的是分析基于与年龄相关的功能后果的分段力量训练对老年女性功能表现的影响。82名社区居住的老年女性（70.17±6.04岁）被随机分为实验组（n = 40）或对照组（n = 42）。实验组进行了一项基于力量、功率和肌肉耐力以及不同努力程度的分段力量训练（BST）计划，为期9周，对照组则按照体育活动建议维持日常活动。在干预前后，使用绝对握力[AHS]、计时起立行走测试[TUG]、两分钟台阶测试[2MST]、五次坐立测试[5 - SST]、6米步行速度测试[6 - WS]评估功能表现。采用双向方差分析（时间组）和效应大小（偏 eta 平方，ŋP2）进行统计分析，显著性水平为 p < 0.05。在时间组交互效应中（p < 0.01；ŋP2 > 0.11），与对照组相比（分别为19.31 vs. 19.66千克；8.94 vs. 9.26秒；62.68 vs. 63.73步；13.99 vs. 14.25秒；1.06 vs. 1.06米·秒-1），BST在AHS（21.51 vs. 23.07千克；+7%）、TUG（8.22 vs. 7.29秒；+11%）、2MST（78.76 vs. 97.18步；+23%）、5 - SST（12.68 vs. 9.43秒；+26%）和6 - WS（1.16 vs. 1.36米·秒-1；+17%）方案中改善了功能表现。这种BST在改善整体功能表现方面是有效的，从而降低了社区居住老年女性身体虚弱的风险。这些发现强化了运动计划制定的方法，使其超越建议，朝着为老年人进行有效的精准剂量制定迈进。
