Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville,Spain.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports and Computer Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville,Spain.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022 Jun 20;17(8):1231-1241. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0481. Print 2022 Aug 1.
To compare the effect of 4 velocity-loss (VL) thresholds-0% (VL0), 15% (VL15), 25% (VL25), and 50% (VL50)-on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy during the bench press (BP) exercise using intensities ranging from 55% to 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM).
Fifty resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to 4 groups that followed an 8-week (16 sessions) BP training program at 55% to 70% 1RM but differed in the VL allowed in each set (VL0, VL15, VL25, and VL50). Assessments performed before (pre) and after (post) the training program included (1) cross-sectional area of pectoralis major muscle, (2) maximal isometric test, (3) progressive loading test, and (4) fatigue test in the BP exercise.
A significant group × time interaction was found for 1RM (P = .01), where all groups except VL0 showed significant gains in 1RM strength (P < .001). The VL25 group attained the greatest gains in 1RM strength and most load-velocity relationship parameters analyzed. A significant group × time interaction was observed for EMG root mean square in pectoralis major (P = .03) where only the VL25 group showed significant increases (P = .02). VL50 showed decreased EMG root mean square in triceps brachii (P = .006). Only the VL50 group showed significant increases in cross-sectional area (P < .001).
These findings indicate that a VL threshold of about 25% with intensities from 55% to 70% 1RM in BP provides an optimal training stimulus to maximize dynamic strength performance and neuromuscular adaptations, while higher VL thresholds promote higher muscle hypertrophy.
比较 4 种速度损失（VL）阈值（VL0、15%、25%和 50%）对 55%至 70%1 次重复最大强度（1RM）范围内的卧推（BP）运动中力量增长、神经肌肉适应性和肌肉肥大的影响。
50 名有经验的男性被随机分配到 4 个组，这些组在 55%至 70%1RM 的情况下进行 8 周（16 次）的 BP 训练计划，但在每组允许的 VL 上有所不同（VL0、VL15、VL25 和 VL50）。在训练计划前后（前和后）进行了评估，包括（1）胸大肌横截面积，（2）最大等长测试，（3）渐进负荷测试，以及（4）BP 运动中的疲劳测试。
1RM 的组×时间交互作用有显著差异（P =.01），除了 VL0 组外，所有组的 1RM 力量都有显著提高（P <.001）。VL25 组在 1RM 力量方面获得了最大的提高，并且分析了大多数负载速度关系参数。胸大肌的 EMG 均方根在组×时间上有显著的交互作用（P =.03），只有 VL25 组有显著的增加（P =.02）。VL50 组肱三头肌的 EMG 均方根降低（P =.006）。只有 VL50 组的横截面积有显著增加（P <.001）。
这些发现表明，BP 中从 55%到 70%1RM 的约 25%的 VL 阈值提供了最佳的训练刺激，以最大限度地提高动态力量表现和神经肌肉适应性，而较高的 VL 阈值促进更高的肌肉肥大。
