Zhang Jiatong, Pan Wanbing, Cui Jingwen, Lin Zixiang, Gao Jiafeng, Lin Jiahao
National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; China Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Animal Science and Technology college, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing 102206, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jul;318(Pt 1):144771. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144771. Epub 2025 May 28.
Many plant-derived polysaccharides exhibit potent immunomodulatory activities. Here, two polysaccharide fractions (PLP-I: Mw = 1424.82 Da, and PLP-II: Mw = 12,726.85 Da) were obtained through water extraction and alcohol precipitation method and DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography from Plantago asiatica L. to investigate their structure and immune-activating capacity. PLP-I was a neutral polysaccharide and PLP-II was an acid polysaccharide. Monosaccharide composition analysis shows that PLP-I contains fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and guluronic acid with a molar ratio of 0.46:5.33:3.10:26.29:49.41:1.80:5.06:6.01:2.40:0.13. PLP-II contains fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid with a molar ratio of 1.11:15.89:17.89:24.00:5.67:7.12:3.79:22.68:1.86. Methylation analysis confirmed the structural details of both fractions. FT-IR, methylation, and 1D/2D NMR analyses show that PLP-I primarily consists of glucan and galactose polymer. PLP-II was a heteropolysaccharide composed mainly of HG-type domains, RG-I pectin domains, and a few AGX-type domains. The side chains of PLP-II contain type I and II arabinogalactans (AG-I and AG-II). In vitro, PLP-I and PLP-II significantly increased maturation markers of dendritic cells (DCs), including MHC-II, CD80, and CD86. Additionally, they reduced DC endocytosis and promoted the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL-12 p70. In vivo, PLP, PLP-I and PLP-II increased the percentage of CD4 and CD8 T cells in inguinal lymph nodes, as well as the secretion of IFN-γ in serum. They also improved CD11c cell subpopulations in both the spleen and lymph nodes and significantly decreased the tumor weights of the prophylactic 4 T1 tumor-bearing mice model. Overall, PLP and its purified polysaccharides highlight their potential as immunotherapeutic agents in the development of functional foods aimed at boosting immune function and enhancing antitumor immune responses exhibit broad application potential and were shown to enhance immunomodulatory effects.
许多植物来源的多糖具有强大的免疫调节活性。在此，通过水提取、醇沉淀法和DEAE - 52纤维素柱色谱从车前草中获得了两种多糖级分（PLP - I：Mw = 1424.82 Da，和PLP - II：Mw = 12726.85 Da），以研究它们的结构和免疫激活能力。PLP - I是一种中性多糖，PLP - II是一种酸性多糖。单糖组成分析表明，PLP - I含有岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸和古洛糖醛酸，摩尔比为0.46:5.33:3.10:26.29:49.41:1.80:5.06:6.01:2.40:0.13。PLP - II含有岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸，摩尔比为1.11:15.89:17.89:24.00:5.67:7.12:3.79:22.68:1.86。甲基化分析确定了两种级分的结构细节。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT - IR）、甲基化和一维/二维核磁共振（1D/2D NMR）分析表明，PLP - I主要由葡聚糖和半乳糖聚合物组成。PLP - II是一种杂多糖，主要由HG型结构域、RG - I果胶结构域和一些AGX型结构域组成。PLP - II的侧链包含I型和II型阿拉伯半乳聚糖（AG - I和AG - II）。在体外，PLP - I和PLP - II显著增加了树突状细胞（DCs）的成熟标志物，包括MHC - II、CD80和CD86。此外，它们减少了DC的内吞作用并促进了炎性细胞因子IL - 12 p70的分泌。在体内，PLP、PLP - I和PLP - II增加了腹股沟淋巴结中CD4和CD8 T细胞百分比以及血清中IFN - γ的分泌。它们还改善了脾脏和淋巴结中的CD11c细胞亚群，并显著降低了预防性4T1荷瘤小鼠模型的肿瘤重量。总体而言，PLP及其纯化的多糖突出了它们作为免疫治疗剂在开发旨在增强免疫功能和增强抗肿瘤免疫反应的功能性食品中的潜力，展现出广泛的应用潜力并被证明可增强免疫调节作用。
Carbohydr Polym. 2014-6-2
J Ethnopharmacol. 2025-6-10
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