Hu Xiao-Min, Huang Cen-Xiao, d'Alessandro Nicola, Cobucci Gabriele, Zhang Chao, Guo Yu, Huang Yun-Feng, Li Chuan-Feng, Guo Guang-Can, Gao Xiaoqin, Huber Marcus, Tavakoli Armin, Liu Bi-Heng
Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Nat Commun. 2025 May 30;16(1):5017. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59717-y.
Quantum information science has leaped forward with the exploration of high-dimensional quantum systems, offering greater potential than traditional qubits in quantum communication and quantum computing. To advance the field of high-dimensional quantum technology, a significant effort is underway to progressively enhance the entanglement dimension between two particles. An alternative effective strategy involves not only increasing the dimensionality but also expanding the number of particles that are entangled. We present an experimental study demonstrating multi-partite quantum non-locality beyond qubit constraints, thus moving into the realm of strongly entangled high-dimensional multi-particle quantum systems. In the experiment, quantum states were encoded in the path degree of freedom (DoF) and controlled via polarization, enabling efficient operations in a two-dimensional plane to prepare three- and four-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states in three-level systems. Our experimental results reveal ways in which high-dimensional systems can surpass qubits in terms of violating local-hidden-variable theories. Our realization of multiple complex and high-quality entanglement technologies is an important primary step for more complex quantum computing and communication protocols.
随着对高维量子系统的探索，量子信息科学取得了飞跃式发展，在量子通信和量子计算方面展现出比传统量子比特更大的潜力。为推动高维量子技术领域的发展，人们正在做出巨大努力，逐步提高两个粒子之间的纠缠维度。另一种有效的策略不仅涉及增加维度，还包括扩大纠缠粒子的数量。我们开展了一项实验研究，展示了超越量子比特限制的多体量子非定域性，从而迈入了强纠缠高维多粒子量子系统的领域。在实验中，量子态被编码在路径自由度（DoF）中，并通过偏振进行控制，能够在二维平面内高效操作，以制备三能级系统中的三粒子和四粒子格林伯格 - 霍恩 - 泽林格（GHZ）态。我们的实验结果揭示了高维系统在违背局域隐变量理论方面超越量子比特的方式。我们实现多种复杂且高质量的纠缠技术，是迈向更复杂量子计算和通信协议的重要第一步。
