Villarreal-Garza Cynthia, Aranda-Gutierrez Alejandro, Gonzalez-Sanchez David G, Bragança-Xavier Camila, Negrete-Tobar Gabriela, Chavarri-Guerra Yanin, Mohar Alejandro, Barrios Carlos, Coutinho Anelisa, Jamal Ahmedin, Hricak Hedvig, Loehrer Patrick, Moraes Fabio Ynoe, Murillo Raúl
Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Mexico.
Departamento de Hemato-Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
Lancet Oncol. 2025 Jun;26(6):e320-e330. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00039-7.
In this Policy Review, we examine cancer incidence and mortality rates across Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on national cancer control plans (NCCPs) as frameworks for reducing the cancer burden in the region. By 2022, only 16 countries had active NCCPs, with eight being cancer specific and eight being integrated into public health plans. Our analysis found that dedicated NCCPs were linked to reduced cancer incidence but not reduced mortality. Broader socioeconomic indicators, such as universal health coverage and a higher Human Development Index, were more strongly associated with improved cancer outcomes, including reduced mortality-to-incidence ratios. Prevention measures such as cervical cancer screening and compliance with WHO's MPOWER tobacco control strategies also reduced cancer incidence, underscoring the importance of public health policies. However, challenges including insufficient cancer registries, underfunding, and health-care inequities hinder NCCP implementation. Addressing these gaps requires sustainable registries, regional evaluation frameworks, global collaboration, and stronger political commitment to ensure the success of NCCPs.
在本政策审查中，我们研究了拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的癌症发病率和死亡率，重点关注国家癌症控制计划（NCCPs），将其作为减轻该地区癌症负担的框架。到2022年，只有16个国家实施了有效的国家癌症控制计划，其中8个是针对癌症的计划，8个已纳入公共卫生计划。我们的分析发现，专门的国家癌症控制计划与降低癌症发病率有关，但与降低死亡率无关。更广泛的社会经济指标，如全民健康覆盖和更高的人类发展指数，与改善癌症结局的关联更为紧密，包括降低死亡率与发病率之比。宫颈癌筛查和遵守世界卫生组织的MPOWER烟草控制战略等预防措施也降低了癌症发病率，凸显了公共卫生政策的重要性。然而，包括癌症登记不足、资金不足和医疗保健不平等在内的挑战阻碍了国家癌症控制计划的实施。解决这些差距需要可持续的登记系统、区域评估框架、全球合作以及更强有力的政治承诺，以确保国家癌症控制计划取得成功。
