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基于聊天机器人的戒烟干预中人类反馈的心理、经济和伦理因素。

Psychological, economic, and ethical factors in human feedback for a chatbot-based smoking cessation intervention.

作者信息

Albers Nele, Melo Francisco S, Neerincx Mark A, Kudina Olya, Brinkman Willem-Paul

机构信息

Department of Intelligent Systems, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.

INESC-ID and Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

出版信息

NPJ Digit Med. 2025 May 31;8(1):326. doi: 10.1038/s41746-025-01701-3.

Abstract

Integrating human support with chatbot-based behavior change interventions raises three challenges: (1) attuning the support to an individual's state (e.g., motivation) for enhanced engagement, (2) limiting the use of the concerning human resources for enhanced efficiency, and (3) optimizing outcomes on ethical aspects (e.g., fairness). Therefore, we conducted a study in which 679 smokers and vapers had a 20% chance of receiving human feedback between five chatbot sessions. We find that having received feedback increases retention and effort spent on preparatory activities. However, analyzing a reinforcement learning (RL) model fit on the data shows there are also states where not providing feedback is better. Even this "standard" benefit-maximizing RL model is value-laden. It not only prioritizes people who would benefit most, but also those who are already doing well and want feedback. We show how four other ethical principles can be incorporated to favor other smoker subgroups, yet, interdependencies exist.

摘要

将人工支持与基于聊天机器人的行为改变干预措施相结合会带来三个挑战

(1)根据个人状态(如动机)调整支持方式,以提高参与度;(2)限制相关人力资源的使用,以提高效率;(3)在伦理方面(如公平性)优化结果。因此,我们开展了一项研究,679名吸烟者和电子烟使用者在五次聊天机器人会话中有20%的机会收到人工反馈。我们发现,收到反馈会提高留存率以及在准备活动上所花费的精力。然而,对拟合这些数据的强化学习(RL)模型进行分析表明,在某些状态下不提供反馈效果更好。即使是这种“标准”的效益最大化RL模型也存在价值倾向。它不仅优先考虑受益最大的人,还包括那些已经表现良好且想要反馈的人。我们展示了如何纳入其他四条伦理原则以惠及其他吸烟者亚组,但相互依存关系依然存在。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6e4c/12126561/9821f43ef306/41746_2025_1701_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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